Ammonium sulfate [(NH')' SO'] was one of the first and most widely used nitrogen (N) fertilizers for crop production. It's now less common but especially valuable where both N and sulfur (S) are required. Its high solubility provides versatility for a number of agricultural applications.
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Production
Ammonium sulfate (sometimes abbreviated as AS or AMS) has been produced for more than 150 years. Initially, it was made from ammonia released during manufacturing coal gas (used to illuminate cities) or from coal coke used to produce steel.
Today, manufacturers make ammonium sulfate by reacting sulfuric acid with heated ammonia. To get the crystal size best suited for the application, reaction conditions are controlled by screening and drying the particles until achieving the desired size. Some materials are coated with a conditioner to reduce dust and caking.
Byproducts from various industries meet most of the current demand for ammonium sulfate. For example, the nylon manufacturing process produces ammonium sulfate as a co-product. In another, certain byproducts that contain ammonia or spent sulfuric acid are commonly converted to ammonium sulfate for use in agriculture.
Although the color can range from white to beige, ammonium sulfate is consistently sold as a highly soluble crystal with excellent storage properties. As described earlier, particle size can also vary depending on the intended purpose.
Chemical properties
Agricultural use
Growers apply ammonium sulfate primarily where they need supplemental N and S to meet the nutritional requirement of growing plants. Since ammonium sulfate contains only 21 percent N, other fertilizer sources more concentrated and economical to handle and transport often make a better choice for N-deficient fields. It provides an excellent source of S, which supports or drives numerous essential plant functions, including protein synthesis.
Because the N fraction is present in the ammonium form of ammonium sulfate, rice farmers frequently apply it to flooded soils, since nitrate-based fertilizers are a poor choice due to denitrification losses.
A solution containing dissolved ammonium sulfate is often added to post-emergence herbicide sprays to improve their effectiveness at weed control.
This practice of increasing herbicide efficacy with ammonium sulfate works particularly well when the water supply contains significant concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) or sodium (Na). A high-purity grade of ammonium sulfate often works best for this purpose to avoid plugging spray nozzles.
Management practices
After addition to soil, the ammonium sulfate rapidly dissolves into its ammonium and sulfate components. If it remains on the soil surface, the ammonium may be susceptible to gaseous loss in alkaline conditions. In these situations, agronomists advise incorporating the material into the soil as soon as possible. Other options include an ammonium sulfate application before irrigation or a predicted rainfall.
Most plants can utilize both ammonium and nitrate forms of N for growth. In warm soils, microbes will rapidly begin to convert ammonium to nitrate in the process of nitrification [2 NH'' + 3O' ' 2NO'' + 2H'O + 4H']. During this microbial reaction, acidity [H'] is released, which will ultimately decrease soil pH after repeated use.
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Ammonium sulfate has an acidifying effect on soil due to the nitrification process, not from the presence of sulfate, which has a negligible effect on pH.
The acid-producing potential of ammonium sulfate is greater than the same N application from ammonium nitrate, for example. That's because all of the N in ammonium sulfate converts to nitrate, compared with only half of the N from ammonium nitrate that converts to nitrate.
Non-agricultural uses
Source: Nutrient Source Specifics, No. 12, International Plant Nutrition Institute.
Ammonium sulfate is an inorganic salt that consists of ammonium ions (NH4+) and sulfate ions (SO42-). It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and commonly used in a variety of industrial and agricultural applications.
Ammonium sulfate is commonly used as a fertilizer in agriculture due to its high nitrogen content. It is also used in the production of various chemicals, such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and flame retardants. In the food industry, it is used as a dough conditioner, a yeast nutrient, and a food additive to help regulate acidity levels.
Ammonium sulfate can also be used as a flame retardant in some applications, as well as a coagulant in the purification of proteins and enzymes. It has also been used as a stabilizer for certain explosives and as a component in certain chemical reactions.
Overall, ammonium sulfate is a versatile and widely used chemical that has many practical applications in various industries.
The chemical formula of Ammonium Sulfate is (NH4)2SO4, which represents the two ammonium ions (NH4+) and one sulfate ion (SO42-) that make up the compound.
Ammonium sulfate is not typically used in hand soaps or sanitizers as it does not have any significant antimicrobial properties. It is primarily used in other industries, such as agriculture and chemical production, as a fertilizer and a raw material for various chemical reactions.
In personal care products like hand soaps and sanitizers, the active ingredients are usually antimicrobial agents like alcohol or benzalkonium chloride that are effective at killing bacteria and viruses. These active ingredients are typically combined with other ingredients like surfactants and moisturizers to create an effective and gentle product that cleans and protects the skin.
While ammonium sulfate is not used in hand soaps or sanitizers, it is possible that small amounts of the compound could be present in the water used to dilute the products during manufacturing or use. However, these amounts would be minimal and would not have any significant impact on the efficacy or safety of the products.
Ammonium sulfate is considered generally safe for use in the concentrations and applications for which it is intended. However, exposure to high concentrations or prolonged contact with the substance can potentially cause some side effects, including:
It's worth noting that ammonium sulfate is generally safe for use when handled properly and according to established safety guidelines. Any side effects from exposure to ammonium sulfate are typically mild and can be avoided by minimizing contact with the substance and using appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when handling it.
This information was assembled from a wide variety of sources and no warranty, expressed or implied, relating to the accuracy of the information is made. The user assumes all liability for any damage or injury resulting from the use or misuse of this information.
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