Gray Iron Material Grades Choosing Guide
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This guide will help gray iron casting purchasers to learn how to choose suitable gray iron material grades for their casting products.
1. What gray iron grades you could choose?
The following table is showing all the gray iron material grades for each country. So, if you are American, then you could choose No.20, No.30, No35, or No45 etc., if you are from Australia, then you could choose T150, T220, T260 or T300 etc.
No.
Country
Gray Iron Material Grades
1
China
HT100
HT150
HT200
HT250
HT300
HT350
—
2
Japan
FC100
FC150
FC200
FC250
FC300
FC350
—
3
USA
—
NO.20
NO.30
NO.35
NO.45
NO.50
NO.60
4
Russia
C Ч1 0
C Ч 15
C Ч 20
C Ч 25
C Ч 30
C Ч 35
C Ч 40
5
Germany
—
GG15
GG20
GG25
GG30
GG35
GG40
6
Italy
G10
G15
G20
G25
G30
G35
—
7
France
—
FGL150
FGL200
FGL250
FGL300
FGL350
FGL400
8
England
100
150
200
250
300
350
—
9
Poland
—
Z115
Z120
Z125
Z130
Z135
Z140
10
India
—
FG150
FG200
FG260
FG300
FG350
FG400
11
Romania
—
FC150
FC200
FC250
FC300
FC350
FC400
12
Spain
—
FG15
FG20
FG25
FG30
FG35
—
13
Belgium
FGG10
FGG15
FGG20
FGG25
FGG30
FGG35
FGG40
14
Australia
—
T150
T220
T260
T300
T350
T400
15
Sweden
O110
O115
O120
O125
O130
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O135
O140
16
Hungary
—
OV15
OV20
OV25
OV30
OV35
OV40
17
Bulgaria
—
Vch15
Vch20
Vch25
Vch30
Vch35
—
18
ISO
100
150
200
250
300
350
—
19
COPANT
FG100
FG150
FG200
FG250
FG300
FG350
FG400
20
China Taiwan
FC100
FC150
FC200
FC250
FC300
—
—
21
Holland
—
GG15
GG20
GG25
GG30
GG35
—
22
Luxembourg
—
FGG15
FGG20
FGG25
FGG30
FGG35
FGG40
23
Austria
—
GG15
GG20
GG25
GG30
GG35
—
2. What is the function of material grades?
The material grades are from their specific material standards, for example, in USA, the common material standard for ductile iron is ASTM A48, in this standard, you could find the mechanical properties for No.25 tensile strength min. 172 Mpa, No.30 tensile strength 207 Mpa.
Therefore, when you tell us what material grades you need, then we will know what mechanical properties you required, then we could produce your casting parts accordingly.
3. How to choose the suitable gray iron grades?
Choosing the gray iron material grades is a very professional work, normally, only the professional material engineer could choose the suitable grade, but if you are not a material engineer, but you have to make one choice, then the following methods may help you.
A. Please check the 2D drawings, and the technical requirements you have, then you may find some clue for "material", the completed drawings should denote the material grades.
B. If you can not find any material information from drawings, then you may need to consider it by your experience. The following experience will help you.
B1. If you just need it to be gray iron or cast iron, and do not have special requirement to its mechanical properties, then you could choose "No.20 or No.25" (equal grades for other countries will be GG15, EN-GJL-150, T150, Grade 150, HT150). The above material equivalent table will help you.
B2. If you need the material have high strength, strong enough, could take comparatively high load force, then you could choose "No. 30" or higher grade "No.35" (for its equal grades, please refer to the above material grade table).
B3. If you need the material have very high strength, need to take very high pressure load, need it to be very strong, then you could "No.40 " or "No.45".
Let me to explain more about this point. For some products, such as stove parts, the high material grades will cause some difficulties to further drilling works, so do not require high grades for these parts, higher grades will cause some higher production costs, and higher defective rates, so unless you really need, otherwise, the lower grades will be better for casting production.
4. Some important issues for choosing gray iron material grades
For most of Chinese foundries, we could produce the low and middle gray iron material grades, but not everyone could produce high gray iron grades, such as No.50, or No.60, they will need further heat treatment, so if you need very high tensile strength, but do not need the special mechanical properties of gray iron, you could consider the ductile iron materials, which will be stronger and tougher than gray iron.
If you still can not make a good choice, then you could get help from some material engineer, or just tell your requirements to us. You just need to tell us where your parts will be used, and what is your application requirements, then, we will give you our suggestion.
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JCCASTING
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Mar 15, 2022
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Grey iron castings are typically made by smelting pig iron. They are an alloy of iron and carbon. Grey iron castings also have traces of phosphorous, sulfur, silicon, and manganese in them. The reasons of grey iron castings are popular are their cost efficiency and capability to be made into complex frameworks.
Grey Iron (or gray iron) is the most common type of ferrous cast material in the world. It is named after the gray color of the fracture surfaces created by it. It is caused by the presence of graphite.
Gray Iron is commonly used in static castings where the rigidity or stiffness of the part is more important than the tensile strength or elongation. Such as engine blocks, various housings, valve bodies, mold castings.
There are numerous uses for grey iron castings and they are usually classified into categories based on their Grade.
Class 300 Grey Iron is mostly used in the production of beds, gears, cylinder blocks, heavy-duty machine tools, high-pressure hydraulic components, cylinder heads, bushings, piston rings etc.
Class 200 and Class 250 are mostly suitable for manufacturing cylinder bases and liners, brake wheel, gearboxes, coupling plate, flywheel and pressure valves.
Class 100 and Class 150 category are typically utilized for creating hammers, pipes, pulleys, protective covers, hand wheels, bearings and pumps. Grey iron castings are the optimal choice for the construction of highly durable and strong products.
Gray iron castings are manufactured easily and have good machinability. They are typically used in applications where strength is important, but not the main required property:
Different tensile strengths.
Such as 6 tons sq.in or even 18 tons/sq.in. The average tensile strength is around 7 tons/sq.in.
It is possible to increase their strength easily by adding vanadium if has specific applications.
Withstand large amounts of compressive forces.
Its high compressive strength is about three times more than its tensile strength. This is the foremost reason as to why they are a premier choice for huge posts and columns in big buildings.
Grey iron castings have high damping capacity and excellent machining capabilities. This makes them perfectly suitable for all types of machine bases, cylinder blocks, brake parts. Since its damping capacity is about 20–25 times higher than steel and also other iron types. It reduces vibration, inaccuracies as well as excessive wear and tears on machinery and bearings.
Grey iron castings are highly resistant to oxidation. prevent rust. Grey iron castings are the ideal solution to overcome problems of corrosion.
There are numerous uses for grey iron castings. They are usually classified into categories based on their Grade.
Gray iron derives its properties from flake graphite in its microstructure. Its unique attributes include excellent machinability. When the composition of the molten iron and its cooling rate are suitable, the carbon in the iron separates during solidification and forms interconnected graphite flakes. The graphite grows edgewise into the liquid and forms the characteristic flake shape. The properties of gray iron also are influenced by the relative hardness of the metal matrix, which is the iron that surrounds the graphite. Microstructural properties are primarily controlled by the carbon and silicon content of the metal and the cooling rate of the casting.
Sand casting is the Common process for grey iron castings in the market
As the mold media, sand has a similar effect on the rate of solidification of the casting. But the permanent mold process has a distinct effect on structure and properties.
In JC Casting foundry, we can make grey iron castings in two types:
Resin Sand Casting
The resin sand casting process is mainly for small and medium castings.
Compare with other sand casting processes, resin sand casting is more precise. It is close to investment casting. As good rigidity of resin sand and high strength of sand mold when early casting. Then we could effectively eliminate the defects of the gray iron casting of the shrinkage cavity, shrinkage.
Lost Foam Casting
The only investment casting process for cast iron components. It has lots of advantages to produce small gray iron investment castings. Such as saving mold cost, shortening the production cycle and improving production efficiency.
Whether you’ve designed the part in-house or you need a partner to assist with casting design, JC Casting is able to produce your cast iron part on time and on budget. We are capable of handling all aspects of gray iron castings, from casting and machining to coating and assembly.
Grey iron casting is used in many market segments, including automotive, agricultural, machinery building, electronics, irrigation, ventilation, architecture, construction and transportation industries. we can make custom grey iron casting for any industries. Pls contact us if you have any demand of such products.
Our gray iron castings are available in several material grades. Including ASTM A48, ASTM A159 and SAE J431. We also supply other specialty grades including ASTM A436 (ni-resist) and customer specific chemistries.
We work with a wide range of foundries to insure we can provide you the exact size casting your project needs. Our gray iron castings weight range stretches from a few ounces up to 10,000 pounds, and our max envelope size is approximately 70” x 70”.
We offer gray iron castings in a range of volumes. From prototype castings using 3D printed sand molds, up to production casting running in the hundreds of thousands. We likely work with a gray iron foundry that can meet your exact needs.
JC provides high quality gray iron castings to customers all around the word.
Heat Treatment
Most of the time, grey iron castings are supplied to our customers in the as-cast condition directly. But For some purposes, gray iron castings can also be heat treated.
such as to relieve residual stresses, improve machinability, increase the hardness of the surface either through induction or flame hardening, or harden the entire section through an oil quench and draw treatment. Such heat treatment will not change the graphite structure. Although the graphite may increase in volume if a pearlitic iron is completely ferritized, in which case, the graphite is usually deposited on the flakes originally present. The matrix however is quite responsive to heat treatment just as in the case of steel.
Machining Capability
Grey iron supply a hardness level that is machinable. With machining facilities in house, we can do machining also after casting. Once our customers have machining requirement on grey iron castings, it will be best to supply us both casting and finished drawings. Our engineering team will strictly machine products referring to the machining drawings. Our machining capability can greatly reduce additional cost for our customers.
Contact us to discuss your requirements of oem grey iron casting suppliers. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.