5 Things to Know Before Buying Powerful Dc Motor

How should a DC motor be chosen for a certain application? When it comes to motor selection, there are a few factors to consider. We all know that electric motors turn electrical energy into mechanical energy, but there are several types available on the market. With our 4 Tips for Motor Choosing Tips, we want to keep you focused and moving in the right path throughout the motor selection process.

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Tip 1: Determine your speed, torque, and voltage

Voltage, speed, and torque are the three most important characteristics to understand for any DC motor application. Once you've identified these factors, you're ready to go on your quest to find the best motor option. The trick is to utilize a motor that is at or near its peak efficiency.

At the commencement of the motor selection procedure, the motor voltage should also be determined. Your electrical power source, such as a 12-Volt battery or power supply, will influence motor voltage. DC motors generally have a nominal voltage of 12 or 24VDC.

For every motion control application, the rotational speed is critical. The rated or on-load motor speed is the speed at which a DC motor operates once a load is applied. It is critical to understand the constant and maximum speeds at which the motor must work.

Motor torque is the amount of load that the motor's output shaft can withstand at any given time. A motor's torque and speed are intimately connected; as one rises, the other lower. The rated torque, or on-load torque, must be specified in the same way as the speed. The stall torque or peak torque of the motor is another significant feature of torque.

The easiest way to understand the connection between torque and speed is to examine a motor's performance curve, which is usually included in the motor specification.

It is critical to pick a motor or brush DC gear motor that satisfies both your speed and torque requirements when choosing an efficient motor for your application.

Tip 2: Consider Size vs. Performance

Proper motor size is vital for all applications, but it may become a problem when a specific level of performance is needed. Larger motors are often more powerful than smaller versions. Depending on the needs of your application, you may have to compromise some performance aspects to assist satisfy the size limits.

There are countless choices for meeting the size limits for the majority of applications by employing various kinds of motors and motor technology, such as brushless motors or motors with permanent magnets.

Tip 3: Brush DC gear motors provide more torque

Sometimes you need more torque than a conventional DC motor can physically provide. Using a brush dc gear motor will result in higher torque and decreased speed, depending on the gear ratio employed. Gear motors are classified into three types: spur gear motors, planetary gear motors, and worm gear motors. Each style of gearhead has specific benefits.

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Stepper motors, brushless DC motors, and brushed DC motors may all be outfitted with a gearhead. Check out our design note: Planetary Gear Motors vs. Spur Gear Motors to understand more about the distinctions between the various gear motor types.

Tip 4: Establish your Duty Cycle

Your application's or gadget's duty cycle will determine which motor type is ideal. The operating and dwell durations, as well as the directional rotation, are critical components of your duty cycle. At the start of the motor selection procedure, the duty cycle should be determined.

Brushed DC motors are powerful, versatile tools built for a wide range of vehicles, heavy machinery, industrial equipment, and other applications. Because there are so many options available on the market, it can be difficult to know exactly which brushed DC motor is the right fit for your operational needs and equipment demands. This five-step decision-making guide details the most important factors that go into choosing the right motor:

• Voltage
• Speed
• Torque
• Size
• Duty cycle

1. Determine Voltage Requirements

Start narrowing down your selection by determining the voltage requirements your system has. DC motors operate at voltages ranging from 1.5V to 48V depending on exactly how much power and performance you need. For example, remote and portable devices may be battery-powered and require a relatively low voltage, but rack-mounted devices will need more, such as 24V. The electrical power source itself, whether it's a 12V battery or a wired power supply, will also dictate how high of a voltage your motor can be. Generally, most DC motors provide 12 or 24VDC (direct current voltage).

2. Decide Speed Requirements

Once you know your voltage requirements, calculate how fast the rotational speed of the motor should be. See what rotational speed requirements are the norm for your motion control system, including the constant and maximum speeds. Then, you can look for the rated motor speed or on-load motor speed specification—this number represents the speed a DC motor can reach once it has a load.

3. Figure Out Torque Requirements

Your chosen brushed DC motor must also satisfy your torque requirements. Closely related to speed, torque is the load that the output shaft of the motor can withstand. In general, motor speed decreases as torque increases, and vice versa. On-load or rated torque, as well as peak or stall torque, must be able to handle anticipated loads at startup, throughout operations, and during acceleration and deceleration.

To determine peak and rated torque, read through the motor's specifications. These documents will typically include the motor's performance curve so you can see the relationship between speed and torque at different stages of operation.

4. Size vs. Performance Considerations

The three factors above—voltage, speed, and torque—will help you find a range of acceptable brushed DC motors. Now, you need to narrow down the list of options to just motors that can physically fit within your system.

As a general rule, bigger motors are more powerful and can deliver more torque. Motors range in size from 8 to 25 mm in diameter and 16.6 to 67.2 mm in length. However, your system may not have room for the biggest possible motor. Carefully measure the allotted space or research the required specifications in your equipment manual. Size requirements can overrule power preferences, so you may need to adjust your torque and speed requirements or your budget to find the right motor.

5. Establish Your Duty Cycle

Consider the lifespan of the motor and the type of duty cycle you need. Intermittent duty cycles can make motors last longer and extend their lifespans compared to continuous-use motors. If you need a continuous-duty motor, make sure it works at optimal efficiency by inspecting it regularly. The necessary duty cycle of your device or application will determine the best type of motor after you’ve narrowed down the options by specification.

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Choosing the right motors for equipment and devices will significantly impact the performance of the system—and the cost of using it. When you're looking for new or replacement motors, always consider the voltage, speed, torque, size, and required duty cycle before purchasing your final selection.

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