How Do Belleville Washers Work?
Belleville washers apply pressure to bolted connections once you clamp down on them with the proper amount of force. The advantage of this washer is that it applies clamping pressure along a continuous arc pattern, instead of concentrating it at one point, to prevent stress on bolts and washers. Uneven bolt stress can leave some connections loose, while others are overtightened and crush the gasket. This can cause severe service leaks, especially in high-temperature services when the heavily loaded bolts relax. The same goes for excessive vibration, which can loosen flange bolts and ultimately cause flange leakage.
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Most often, you’ll find Belleville washers in applications where you have conditions of high current loading or cycling. These washers accommodate for thermal cycling, but they can’t eliminate all the problems resulting from poor workmanship. You must prepare the joint properly (as with any connection), but the key is selecting the proper design and size of Belleville washer for the fasteners and conditions of your application.
Which Type of Belleville Washers Do I Need?
Consider three parameters to select the right Belleville washer: torque, diameter, and finish. Visit our products pages to find this information in each product’s specifications.
Torque
This is the force you need to place on the bolt to flatten the washer for proper clamping. To make a tight connection, you must tighten the connection to the point where its threads just start to deform. Bolts of various hardness, diameter, and material configurations require varying amounts of torque to reach that tightness; this is the same with Belleville washers.
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Make the torque for your Belleville washers match that of your bolts to make sure they’re working together. If you exceed a locking washer’s torque, you can destroy the locking washer. And if you under torque, you won’t make use of the washer’s abilities to provide a reliable connection.
Diameter
A Belleville washer generates a clamping force along the tip of its cup perimeter. A correct diameter is important because if it’s too big and the cup overhangs the connection, you’ll have much less clamping force than you need. Search our Belleville Washer product listing to find the diameter you need. If you can’t find a perfect fit on our website, simply contact us and we’ll find the solution you need.
Finish
You can usually select a standard finish for a Belleville washer. However, if there are any process fumes or solvents present, the wrong finish can result in a connection that falls apart. For example, electroplated Belleville washers become brittle in the presence of hydrogen. If you subject a hydrogen-exposed electroplated washer to impact or severe vibration, that washer will break into pieces. If you have questions or concerns about your application, please connect with us to discuss your options.
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Belleville springs are designed to function very similarly to other springs, such as coil springs. However, their physical appearance differs from that of a coil spring. Belleville springs are generally flat, like that of a washer, but are classified as conical springs, since their centers are raised, which creates a cone. This cone shape is what gives a Belleville spring its heavy-duty strength. In contrast, coil springs are typically comprised of coiled metal and are components which create energy when the ends are pushed together. They are commonly used in applications that require a shock absorber, such as a mattress and a bike or car shock.
Choosing a Belleville Spring Washer
Belleville Data Sheet
The Belleville data sheet is a guide to assist you in selecting a suitable Belleville spring product for your project requirement needs. The Belleville data sheet contains answers pertaining to your exact technical specifications.
Belleville Materials and Finishes
Solon Manufacturing offers a wide range of Belleville materials and finishes. Our Belleville guide for materials and finishes is the ideal way to find the material and finish that will work best for your technical specifications and requirements. Our Belleville guide provides detailed information on considerations for material selection, finishing, mechanical plating and deburring.
Belleville Spring Technical Specifications
Solon manufactures a wide variety of springs and washer sizes that meet different tolerance requirements. Our Belleville springs are manufactured from a wide range of materials to fit your specific project requirements. Our technical specifications guide provides all the information that you need regarding our standard tolerances, units of measure and torque calculations.
Belleville Spring Technical Notes
A single Belleville spring has a specific load and deflection. Belleville springs in stacked arrangements provide increased load and/or deflection. Two springs stacked in parallel doubles the load of a single spring with no increase in deflection. Two springs stacked in series doubles the deflection of a spring with no increase in load. The parallel-series combination as shown below results in the load of two springs and the deflection of two springs. Our technical notes with the installation and pre-stressing of your Belleville springs.
Bolt Load Calculator and Torque Calculator
Determine calculated bolt load and torque value based on bolt type, size, lubricant, and unit of measure. These user-friendly tools are provided at no cost to help you select your Solon Belleville Spring and Washer products.
ANSI Flange Live Loading Calculator
Increase the value of the live loading system by using our calculator tool to quickly design a live loading system for flange applications.
Contact Solon Manufacturing for your Belleville Spring Specifications Today
Contact us for more information regarding our Belleville data sheets and Belleville technical specifications, or request a quote for an in-depth price analysis.