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What is Spiral ChuteSpiral chute is a sorting equipment that separates concentrate and tailings based on the density and particle size of materials. Suitable for iron ore, ilmenite, chromite, pyrite, tungsten ore, tin ore, tantalum niobium ore, placer gold, zircon, rutile, monazite, phosphorite, and other non-ferrous metals, rare metals, and non-metallic minerals with a specific gravity difference of 0.3-0.02 millimeters. It can also be used for tailings pond re selection and disposal of large amounts of abandoned tailings.
Working PrincipleWhen the slurry enters the spiral chute, the movement trajectories of materials with different particle sizes and densities in the spiral chute are different due to the combined effects of gravity, centrifugal force, friction force, and hydrodynamic pressure on light and heavy particles.
The final concentrate with high density and particle size is discharged at the inner edge of the spiral groove, while the tailings with low density and particle size are discharged at the outer edge of the spiral groove. Spiral chutes are commonly used equipment in mineral processing plants for classifying and selecting fine-grained minerals.
Structure Features
The spiral chute is composed of eight parts, including a mining hopper, a feeding groove, a spiral groove, a product cutting groove, a receiving groove, and a channel steel bracket (including a cross or triangular frame) motor, and a vibration motor. The specifications include diameters Φ mm, Φ mm, Φ mm, Φ 900mm, Φ 600mm, etc.
1. Distributor HopperThe ore distributor hopper is a slurry distribution device of a spiral chute, located at the top of the spiral chute. The ore distributor hopper is a fixed network pipe distributor, which evenly distributes the ore slurry from the four surrounding discharge pipes to the ore feeding trough using the positive pressure of the ore slurry inside the barrel.
2. Feed TankThe feeding trough is located between the ore separator and the spiral trough. Its function is to buffer and stabilize the slurry from the ore separator, and then evenly and slowly feed it into the spiral trough along the tongue type feeding weir plate. The width of the feeding trough should be appropriate, otherwise it will affect the sorting effect.
3. Spiral SlotThe spiral groove is the main component of the spiral groove, and the mineral sorting process is completed within the spiral groove.
4. Product Intercepted SlotThe product intercepted slot is connected to the discharge end at the lower part of the spiral groove. The slurry after spiral chute sorting forms ore belts with different grades at the discharge end, and is intercepted into concentrate, intermediate ore, and tailings through the product intercepted slot.
5. Product Collection FunnelThe ore collection Funnel is a concentric circular cylinder that can collect the concentrate, intermediate ore, and tailings intercepted from four product intercepting tanks by category and guide them to the next operation. The slope of the bottom of the collection funnel should be greater than 25% to ensure the smooth discharge of concentrate, intermediate ore, and tailings.
6. Chute BracketChute support refers to the pillars around the spiral slot and the upper cross shaped frame, which are made of channel steel to ensure sufficient strength. The cross shaped frame in the upper part not only supports the ore separation hopper, but also positions the four channel steel pillars.
7. Spiral UnitAccording to different processing requirements, the screw unit can be made into different layers, including single head, double head, three head, and four head structures. Each spiral groove is composed of 4-5 spiral blades connected by bolts (which can also be added), and the spiral blades are made of fiberglass (fiberglass reinforced plastic). The selection surface of the spiral groove has a specially designed wear-resistant layer, which is coated with polyurethane rubber or epoxy resin mixed with diamond sand. It has the advantages of lightweight, sturdy, and durable.
Specification ParametersModel5LL-LL-LL-LL-LL-LL-400Spiral DiameterSpiral Chute Applications
Spiral chutes are widely used in the field of mineral processing, mainly for mineral separation. The following are the applications of spiral chutes:
1. Spiral chutes can be used to separate various metal and non-metallic minerals, such as iron, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, quartz sand, calcite, limestone, graphite, marble, coal, etc.
2. Spiral chutes are suitable for handling ores with particle sizes between 0.3 and 0.02mm.
3. The spiral chute has a simple structure, small footprint, low investment, and fast efficiency, and is widely used in small mineral processing plants and laboratories.
4. The spiral chute can be used in conjunction with equipment such as ball mills and vibrating screens to form a complete beneficiation production line.
5. Spiral chutes are very suitable for sand mining on beaches, riverbanks, sandbanks, and streams.
How To Choose A Suitable Spiral ChuteIf you want to learn more, please visit our website Keefam.
When choosing a spiral chute, the following 7 tips can help you easily choose:
In actual production, selecting spiral chutes requires considering multiple factors and making the correct decision based on the mine situation.
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Your local Multotec branch will help you with end-to-end solutions for your gravity concentration plant, from testing equipment through to field services, ongoing optimisation and any maintenance. We keep a wide range of spares and accessories for your spirals, reducing lead times to ensure maximum processing uptime.
Whether for a greenfield plant, or optimisation or refurbishment of an existing plant, Multotec has the technologies and expertise to help you ensure maximum gravity separation efficiency.
Our process engineers will work with you to optimise your spiral concentrator plant, taking into consideration the feed grade, targeted product grade, recoveries and mass yields.
With over 50 years experience in mineral processing applications across the world, Multotec is a leading supplier of gravity concentration solutions that optimise your plant performance.
During separation, the heavy particles migrate toward the inner region of the trough, with lighter-density particles migrating to the outer edge of the trough. In a dry spiral separation, materials are sorted by shape. Rounder particles travel faster, are forced to the perimeter of the spiral, from where they can be collected separately from non-round material.
As the mineral stream is fed from the top of the spiral, a combination of forces act on particles as they move down the trough of the spiral circuit. These forces include gravitational, centrifugal, lift and friction forces, and hydrodynamic drag. Apart from the forces acting on a spiral, the properties of the slurry flowing on a spiral including, solids concentration, feed rate and wash water also plays an important role in mineral separation.
Spiral concentrators are simple low energy-consuming devices used for mineral separation mainly on the basis of density or shape. Spirals are widely used in mineral processing as a method for pre-concentration and have proven to be metallurgically efficient and cost-effective.
These gravity concentrators are precisely designed and built from high-quality materials that provide a long service life, lower costs of operation and low maintenance.
Double start spirals reduce the requirements of height and floor space in a plant, and reduce capital and operating costs. The MX7 spiral separator is ideal for difficult-to-wash coals, improving the overall efficiency of tougher separation applications.
Our single- and double-stage spiral separators are optimised for coal particles in the size range of 1 to 0.1 mm, providing enhanced coal washing for slurries. Their compact, modular design provides flexibility when building or upgrading your plant.
Mineral spiral separator components include the spiral trough; sliding or auxiliary splitters; launders; distributor and piping; feed box; product box and stainless steel product splitters; and the discharge chute at the bottom of the modular housing frame. Our spiral separators have a diameter of +/- 950 mm.
We have a range of spirals, from 3 to 12 turns, with high-, medium- and low-gradient profiles. Our high capacity spirals (the HX series ) provide a per-start tonnage rating of 4 to 7.5 tons per hour, depending on the mineral type, and is especially suited for the treatment of low-grade ore, where large tonnages are processed.
Our gravity separators for heavy mineral applications, including iron ore , chrome , mineral sands and other high density minerals, separate particles in the size range 2 to 0.04 mm.
Although theyre widely used in our industry for separation, spiral concentrators may still carry an element of mystery to some. Thats why weve decided to share the ABCs of spiral concentrators.
The spiral concentrator is a modern device that features high capacity at a low cost. It is designed to concentrate low-grade ore and industrial mineral slurries, using a combination of solid particle density and hydrodynamic dragging. Two or more spirals are built around one main central column, thus increasing the amount of material that can be processed by a single unit.
Spiral concentrators are gravity-based and used to separate low-density granular and sandy (from 18 mesh to 200 mesh1 mm to 0. μm) materials from higher-density materials.
Spiral concentrators are used in many mineral processing applications. For instance, theyre used to process heavy mineral sand deposits, more specifically deposits containing minerals such as zircon, monazite, and rutile.
Obtaining good separation
In order to obtain good separation, there should be at least 1.0 SG of difference (mainly ranging from 2040% solids). This range should provide maximum efficiency, depending on the characteristics of the mineral being processed. The only equipment required is typically some slurry pumps for the slurry to be separated, and then the banks of spirals with a feed distributor.
How exactly do they work?
Slurry is pumped to the upper part of the spiral, which is usually 330 mm to 380 mm from the floor. From there, it enters a feed distributor, which evenly distributes the feed to each spiral concentrator. Gravity, along with the specific design and shape of the spiral, are the key to making it work. Materials are separated through stratification, thanks to centrifugal force, differential settling and the migration of heavy particles through the bed and into the inner part of the conduit.
As the slurry makes its way down the spiral, the mineral particles settle. Theyre sorted mostly according to their size and density, but also partially to their shape. The lower-density particles are carried with the bulk of the water to the outside of the spiral (called the perimeter), while higher-density particles travel towards the inside of the spiral.
Applications of spiral concentrators
Spiral concentrators are used for a number of mineral processing applications. Theyre extensively used to process heavy mineral sand deposits, including monazite, zircon, ilmenite and rutile deposits. More recently, spiral concentrators have been widely used to recover fine coal as well as gold, iron ore and other minerals.
The importance of finding the right spiral for your application
For every separation process, there is a spiral concentrator thats specifically adapted to meet your needs. Thats Multotecs specialty.
Spirals for heavy ores
For the separation of fine heavy minerals, Multotecs ranges of mineral spiral concentrators greatly facilitate the processing of 1.5 mm to 0.1 mm particles. Theyre ideal for iron ore, chrome, mineral sands and high-density ores.
Their modular frames house two spiral assemblies (offered in the HX3, HX5 and SC25 ranges) and have a number of optional features. They can also be fully dismantled for retrofitting. Parts include a spiral trough, auxiliary or sliding splitters, launders, distributors and piping, a feed box and a product box with product splitters. Each of these boasts features that provide longer life, increased production, ease of repair and marked advantage of reduced downtime.
Coal spirals
Multotecs coal spirals come in both single (SX4) and double (SX7 and MX7) stage formats that are optimised to be compatible with coal concentrators. The coal spirals can be assembled in single, double or triple starts with up to seven turns high or low feed ash profiles to suit your needs. Developed for coarse coals, theyre guaranteed to make your separation even more efficient.
Proven results
New research and development have shown that our compact, modular designs add flexibility when building or replacing spiral plants, with the distinct advantage of extending the life of your plant while reducing overall maintenance costs.
Dedicated to serving your specific needs
Multotec spiral concentrators are used throughout the world in plants that process materials like coal, gold, iron ore, mineral sands, platinum and chrome.
Our turnkey equipment for gravity concentration is used around the world because the Multotec team can deliver end-to-end spiral solutions, ranging from process audits and test work to complete spiral concentration plants that are optimised for your processes. Our global branch network supports you with tailored field service, readily available spare parts and our signature after-sales service.
A spiral concentrator is a device that relies on gravity to separate material in a slurry feed. The light density granules are separated from the heavier density material.
Spiral concentrators are low-cost devices, used in mineral processing to process heavy mineral sand deposits, usually containing minerals such as rutile zircon and monazite.
Our gravity separators for heavy mineral applications, including iron ore, chrome, mineral sands and other high density minerals, separate particles in the size range 2 to 0.04 mm.
We have a range of spirals, from 3 to 12 turns, with high-, medium- and low-gradient profiles. Our high capacity spirals (the HX series) provide a per-start tonnage rating of 4 to 7.5 tons per hour, depending on the mineral type, and is especially suited for the treatment of low-grade ore, where large tonnages are processed.
Mineral spiral separator components include the spiral trough; sliding or auxiliary splitters; launders; distributor and piping; feed box; product box and stainless steel product splitters; and the discharge chute at the bottom of the modular housing frame. Our spiral separators have a diameter of +/- 950 mm.
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