If you are looking into piston air compressors, then you will undoubtedly have come across the distinction between 1-stage and 2-stage piston compressors. One of the most important things to remember (and we will cover this in more detail below) is that the number of stages has nothing to do with the number of cylinders. It’s a common misperception that makes the selection of the right compressor more confusing than it has to be. If the difference between 1-stage and 2-stage piston compressors is unclear to you, or you want to know how a piston works in the first place, then this article will hopefully provide the information you are looking for. Most people have probably seen a model of how an internal combustion engine works. A piston compressor functions in a similar way and also has the same components, namely a crankshaft, a connecting rod and piston, as well as a cylinder and a valve head. The cylinder is filled with ambient air. When the motor starts to drive the crankshaft, it pushes the piston down into the cylinder and a vacuum is created above it. When it moves back up, that air is compressed and pushed into a tank. With each stroke, the pressure in that tank increases as more air enters with no place to go.
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1-stage or single-stage air compressors feature pistons that draw air into the machine, eventually sucked through its filter section. The air will then pass through intake valves into a cylinder. This is where a crankshaft rotates, with pistons pushing the air upward.
The piston will help compress the trapped air, forcing it through exhaust valves, which will travel to a discharge tube as well as a check valve. As soon as the air enters a storage tank, it can stay there until the user wants newer air.
As stated above, the air gets compressed twice, and by simply increasing the number of cylinder stages and pressure, 2-stage compressors work more effectively and efficiently. These applications can handle more tools at once and have a quicker recovery time to boot.
A 2-stage compressor, also known as multi-stage, features a series of cylinders, all with a different diameter. The Air will pass through a heat exchanger for cooling purposes between each compression stage. Cooling the air will reduce the amount of work needed to compress it further. In this air compressor, air is forced into an additional chamber when pressurized.
Of course, there are numerous benefits to using a 2-stage compressor, but that doesn’t mean this application is perfect for every situation. Typically, single stage compressors work better for light-duty jobs, in which pressure requirements do not exceed 100 PSIG. 2-stage compressors, meanwhile, offer more reliability for continuous use applications. This includes manufacturing and automotive repair.
1-Stage Air Compressor Uses:
2-Stage Air Compressor Uses:
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The top benefits associated with 1-stage air compressors are as follows:
Here is a look at some of the advantages of using two stage compressors:
The main difference is the amount of time air is compressed – that is what separates these two applications. Additionally, the compression process does differ in the single stage compressor. Air is sucked into a cylinder, then trapped and compressed in a single stroke. The single stroke comes with a piston at roughly 120 psi. From there, the air is moved to a storage tank. The storage tank is where the compressed air ultimately serves as an energy agent for the variety of tools in use.
A 2-stage compressor has a similar compression process, but the air is not sent to a storage tank. Instead, the air is sent to a smaller piston for a second stroke, this time at a psi of 175. Then, the double-pressurized air is cooled and sent to a tank, where energy is released and utilized.
Single stage air compressors typically cost between $500 to $1,500. Some larger models can cost up to $50,000, according to KompareIt.
The costs of 2-stage air compressors will vary widely based on a variety of factors. According to HomeDepot, the average price range for two stage air compressors is $300 to $5,000+.
Compared to 2-stage compressors, single stage applications are extremely quiet. That is exactly what makes them better for smaller environments like garages, kitchens or workshops. 2-stage models are ideal for larger projects, typically geared toward industrial-scale arsenals. Essentially, the compressor you choose should be dependent on size of your project.
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