Rotary drilling
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Soft rock Significant depths up to 5,000 metersCore drilling
All soil types Drilling for soil analysis
Rotary drilling: This type of drilling digs a hole by grinding the rock with a tool under the effect of weight and rotation. It is mainly used in oil production. The cuttings are brought to the surface under the pressure of a drilling fluid that is injected into the drill string. Drilling fluid also helps consolidate the walls of the borehole, so it is not necessary to case it as the operation progresses.
Down-the-hole drilling (rotary percussion drilling or rotary hammer drilling): this type of drilling uses drilling rigs that drill with a rotary cutter (drill head) and hammer the bottom of the hole with a pneumatic hammer. The excavated material rises to the surface under the pressure of the compressed air used for the hammer. These drilling rigs are powerful and have high drilling rates, especially in rock. For artesian wells (wells where water naturally rises to the surface under groundwater pressure) or geothermal drilling, an air injection at the end of the drill pipe pushes the water up the borehole, allowing the operator to immediately determine the water flow encountered. This type of drilling is used for hard and cracked ground up to 4,000 meters deep. When the drilling bit is eccentric, the drilling can be done with a casing advancement system (installation of tubes by gravity) which reinforces the hole as the drilling progresses.
Top hammer drilling: this type of drilling uses drilling rigs that also operate on a percussion system, but one that remains outside the borehole. They are mainly used for small diameter drilling, for example for mineral exploration or the installation of tie rods in rock. This system is used for shallow boreholes, as there can be significant deviation due to the structure of the ground drilled through. These drilling rigs can operate in any direction however.
Auger boring: This is a type of rotary drilling using a worm screw (the auger). This type of drilling is mainly used for unconsolidated clay or sand terrain. The excavated material is directly brought to the surface by the worm screw. For deep drilling, it may be necessary to regularly raise the auger to empty it of its excavated material.
Core drilling: Core drilling is similar to rotary drilling, but it uses a crown to extract a sample, called a core, inside the tool.
Percussion drilling: consists in breaking the rock by dropping a tool, the drill bit, by gravity. This type of drilling can only be used vertically. To prevent the borehole from collapsing, it is necessary to case it as it is drilled. The cuttings are reassembled as soon as they interfere with drilling by replacing the drill bit with a flap valve bailer. The flap valve bailer is a type of tube equipped with a tilting flap in the lower part. This tilting flap allows the tube to be filled with excavated material which is then transported to the surface.
Pipe jacking: is mainly used to install horizontal pipes. The tube is pushed progressively by percussion, the excavated material being removed at the end of the drilling operation either by water injection or with an auger. This technique is used in particular to avoid transmitting vibrations to the surrounding buildings or to avoid digging a trench.
With the continuous development of drilling rig machine production, the use conditions of drilling rigs are becoming more and more diverse, and various types of drilling rigs have appeared accordingly. Factors affecting the type and composition of drilling rigs include drilling methods, drilling depth, borehole size and drilling tool size, drilling area conditions (such as electricity or fuel, transportation, meteorological conditions), etc.
The truck mounted drill rig is the main machine that completes the drilling construction. It drives the drilling tool and the drill bit to the deep part of the formation and completes the lifting and lowering of the drilling tool and casing, and the extraction of the core through the elevator (winch) on the drilling machine. , Auxiliary work such as replacement of drill bit. The main function of the pump is to deliver flushing fluid into the hole to clean the bottom of the hole, cool the drill bit and lubricate the drilling tool.
Drilling Rig Machine
(1) Impact drilling rigs, such as wire rope impact drilling rigs (vibration drilling rigs) and vibration drilling rigs.
(2) Rotary drilling rigs, such as those used in rotary drilling.
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(3) Downhole power drilling tools, such as rotary drilling tools, turbo drilling tools, screw drilling tools, electric drilling tools, etc.
(1) Ultra-deep well drilling rig. A drill rig with a diameter of 114 mm, nominal drilling depth of more than meters, and a maximum hook load of more than kN is used.
(2) Deep well drilling rig. Use a drill pipe with a diameter of 114 mm, a nominal drilling depth of - meters or more, and a maximum hook load of - kN or more
(3) Medium-deep well drilling rig. A drill rig with a diameter of 114 mm, nominal drilling depth of - meters or more, and a maximum hook load of 900- kN or more is used.
(1) Drilling rigs are driven by diesel engines, powered by diesel engines through mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission.
(2) AC-powered drilling rigs are suitable for use in oil fields with industrial power grids.
(3) The DC rig drives the rig, and the working unit is driven by a DC motor.
(1) Drive alone. Each working machine selects generators of different sizes for driving, which are mostly used for electric drives. Its transmission is simple and easy to install, but the power utilization rate is low and the total quality of the equipment is large.
(2) Unified driving. The three working units of the winch, drilling pump and turntable are driven by the same power unit. Most rigs use this solution. The unified drive can also include only one drilling pump, and the other drilling pump is driven separately. The uniformly driven drilling rig has a high power utilization rate and can be adjusted to each other when the engine fails, but the transmission is complicated, the installation and adjustment are complicated, and the transmission efficiency is low.
(3) Group is driven. The combination of power is between a single drive and a unified drive, and the three working machines can have two solutions. The power utilization rate of this drilling rig is higher than that of the single drive, and the unified transmission ratio is simple to drive. It is also possible to install two sets of working machines on different heights and scattered sites.
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