When selecting a refrigeration unit for a new installation, select the unit to provide the desired cooling effect to reduce and/or maintain the temperature of the product. This capacity is typically expressed in Btuh. Unit coolers (evaporators), compressors and metering devices are all selected based on the Btuh requirement of the refrigerant selected. The only major component not selected based on this Btuh requirement is the condenser.
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The condenser must be selected for the total heat rejection (THR) of the system, which is the sum of the heat energy absorbed by the evaporator and the additional heat energy added to the refrigerant by the compressor. This additional heat energy is called the heat of compression. The heat of compression varies depending on the compressor design, so the compressor manufacturer's information should be used whenever possible. If this information is not available, many condenser manufacturers will provide a reference table to determine this value.
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Air Cooled Piston Condensing Unit
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It is not always necessary to select an air-cooled condenser; many times, condensing units are selected for installation. Condensing units are selected based on the required Btuh capacity, and their condensers are selected by the condensing unit manufacturer. However, systems that use remote air-cooled condensers require a separate condenser selection.
To begin the selection process, first, determine the THR of the system by adding the heat of compression of the compressor (obtained from the compressor manufacturer's or condenser manufacturer's table.) If the condenser is installed above sea level, a correction factor needs to be applied to the THR. The condenser manufacturer will usually provide a table with the required correction factors.
Next, calculate the design temperature difference (TD), which is the design condensing temperature minus the design ambient temperature.
Design TD = condensing temperature - ambient temperature
Next, for the type of refrigerant in the system, use the condenser manufacturer's selection chart to choose a condenser based on THR and design temperature differences. Some manufacturers' charts may show the capacity of their condensers at a 1°F temperature differential. If necessary, you can determine the TD required at 1°F by dividing the THR by the design condenser TD as follows.
THR/°TD = THR ÷ calculated design condenser TD
If the required THR is between the two condenser capacities on the selection table, select the higher of the two. For example, you are selecting a remote air-cooled condenser for a system with a net cooling demand of 225,000 Btuh. The condenser will be installed at sea level, so there is no need for a height correction factor. It is a low-temperature system with an R-404A semi-hermetic suction cooling compressor with a design evaporative temperature of -20°F, an ambient outdoor temperature of 90°F, and a design condensing temperature of 110°F.
Using this factor, the THR would be 348,750 Btuh (225,000 Btuh x 1.55). Design the condenser TD to be 20°F (110°F - 90°F).
Selecting the correct air-cooled condenser for the installation is an important part of ensuring the system operates properly and at maximum efficiency.
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In basic refrigeration system, there are 4 major refrigeration cycle components, which are refrigeration compressor, condenser, expansion device, and evaporator. Condenser is one of the most important parts of a refrigeration cycle. The function of condenser is to convert high-temperature high-pressure vapor refrigerant to medium-temperature high-pressure refrigerant, dissipate the heat to outside. There are several types of condenser in refrigeration. Air cooled and water cooled condenser are two major types of condenser used in commercial refrigeration. So we are going to introduce the major difference between air cooled condenser and water cooled condenser today. The water cooled condenser includes plate heat exchanger, coaxial heat exchanger and shell and tube heat exchanger. They are 3 major types of water cooled condenser.
We will introduce the difference of air cooled condenser vs water cooled condenser from six aspects.
The condenser cooling medium is usually air or cooling water. The air cooled condensers uses air as cooling medium, the air is passed through the heat pipe surface of the condenser to exchange heat with the refrigerant. While the water-cooled condenser uses water as cooling media. The heat capacity, thermal conductivity and convection coefficient of water are much higher than that of air. Therefore, water has stronger ability to transfer heat than air.
Air Cooled Condensing Unit VS. Water Cooled Condensing Unit
Different cooling media, different cooling methods. For air cooled condenser, the air is passed across the copper pipes and aluminum foil of the condenser, taking away the heat released by the refrigerant in the copper tubes. It dissipates the heat by the air movement. So in commercial refrigeration systems, forced air cooled condenser is used to accelerate air flow to enhance the heat transfer effect of the air.
For water-cooled condenser, the water loop refrigeration system supplied each water-cooled condensing unit with chilled water. The water is passed through the water pipe, exchange the heat dissipated from the refrigerant, the heat is carried by the water loop out of the system and rejected by a dryer cooler.
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The condensing temperature is the temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser of the refrigeration cycle. Strictly speaking, condensing temperature is the saturation temperature of the refrigerant vapor in the condenser when it condenses under a certain pressure.
The ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the surrounding environment, including the dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature.
For air cooled condensers, the condensing temperature has close relationship with the dry bulb temperature; while for water-cooled condensers, the condensing temperature has close relationship with the wet bulb temperature.
For air cooled condenser, the ambient temperature has a direct impact on the condensing temperature. When the ambient temperature rises, the heat dissipation efficiency of the condenser will decrease, so the condensing temperature rises. On the contrary, when the ambient temperature decreases, the efficiency of the condenser in dissipating heat increases, the condensing temperature decreases. The changes of the ambient temperature will directly affect the operating efficiency and cooling effect of the condensing unit.
In air cooled condensing unit, the ambient temperature is usually 7'~12' higher than ambient temperature. The value of 7'~12' is also called the heat exchange temperature difference. The higher the condensing temperature, the lower efficiency the condensing unit. So it is better to control the heat exchange temperature difference not to be too large when design the condensing unit condenser.
For water cooled condenser, the condensing temperature has closely relationship with the wet bulb temperature. The condensing temperature of the water cooled condenser is generally 5-7°C higher than the ambient wet bulb temperature. The wet bulb temperature is usually lower than the dry bulb temperature. Therefore, the condensing temperature of a water cooled condenser is generally lower than that of an air-cooled condenser. That means the water cooled condensing unit has higher efficiency than air cooled condensing unit.
The water-cooled condenser has better heat dissipation effect and dissipate heat more effectively than air cooled condenser and it can provide stable cooling effect during long-term continuous operation, so the water cooled condensing unit has better cooling effect than the air cooled condensing unit.
The air cooled condenser use air as cooling medium, the air has less heat transfer capacity than that of water, and is greatly affected by the ambient temperature. So the air cooled condensing unit has weaker cooling effect than water cooled condensing unit.
Air cooled condenser is one of the major refrigeration components of a air cooled condensing unit. It is easy to install and use. The air cooled condenser is directly affected by the ambient temperature, so the installation place of the air cooled condensing unit is also very important.
When use the air cooled condensing unit, the surface of air cooled condenser will be blocked by dust and dirty after several months. Please clean the air cooled condenser by a water cleaning gun.
Water cooled condensing unit is a perfect solution for applications where the water is readily available and the air cooled condensing unit is not suitable. When use the water cooled condensing unit, it need to install the water pump, dryer cooler or cooling tower.
The air cooled condensers widely used in indoor condensing units and outdoor condensing units for commercial refrigeration. They can be used in various environmental conditions, especially in area where there is insufficient water resources.
The air-cooled condensing unit does not need to be connected to a water source and can be used in various environmental conditions. It has obvious advantages especially in situations where water resources are insufficient or difficult to obtain.
On the contrary, the water cooled condensing unit does need the sufficient water resource. The water cooled condensing unit has the advantages of quiet operation, it is a good choice when air cooled condensing unit is noisy.
From above, air cooled condenser and water cooled condenser has many difference in cooling medium, cooling methods, condensing temperature, cooling effect, installation and use, and applicable environment. Our customers can choose according to difference requirement.
Glen refrigeration offer wide selection of air cooled condensing unit and water cooled condensing unit to suite your application. All of our products are high quality with the most advanced technology.
Air Cooled Condensing Unit:
Refrigerator condensing unit
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R290 horizontal condensing unit
Horizontal inverter condensing unit
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Sanyo compressor outdoor condensing unit
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ZB series Copeland compressor outdoor condensing unit
ZF series Copeland compressor outdoor condensing unit
ZFI series Copeland compressor outdoor condensing unit
ZSI series Copeland compressor outdoor condensing unit
Water cooled condensing unit:
Horizontal water cooled condensing unit
Copeland water cooled condensing unit
Inverter water cooled condensing unit
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