For water well drilling rigs, the general requirements are simple configuration, low energy consumption, easy operation, mobility, versatility and small size. In practice, the choice of drilling rig must be based on the stratigraphy, hole size, and depth as well as the drilling method.
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Drilling efficiency depends on the formation, the skill/experience of the operator, the type of drilling machine and the drilling method.
For rocky conditions, the most efficient method is to use a downhole drilling rig in conjunction with an air compressor.
For soil, clay and sand conditions, the best method is to use a drilling rig with a mud pump.
For cobbles, a reverse circulation system is the most suitable method of drilling. Simply add a set of reverse circulation drilling tools to the existing rig.
Truck Water Well Drilling Rig
The price of the machine is a key factor in one's choice of the right drilling rig and is a one-off investment. The price of the machine increases with the diameter and depth of the hole.
From the Drilling method point of view, a DTH drilling rig is more expensive than a coring drilling rig, and the price of a hydraulic drilling rig is higher than a vertical shaft drilling rig, which is a more mechanical drilling machine
From mobility point of view, truck-mounted drills cost more than crawler-mounted drills.
Operating costs significantly affect the profit one can make in the drilling business. Net profit is the amount of money a driller receives from well users for water well drilling minus operating costs.
Operating costs include personnel salaries, casing, mud and fuel costs, and rig maintenance costs.
In terms of rig type, Down The Hole (DTH) rigs have higher operating costs than rotary rigs that work with mud pumps. This is because submersible drilling rigs require air compressors and consume very high amounts of fuel. Vertical drilling rigs (mechanically driven) are more economical than hydraulic rigs.
Water Well Drilling Rig
In terms of the working principle of the drilling rig, there are 3 main drilling methods.
The Down The Hole drilling method needs to be used in conjunction with an air compressor. This is a good method for rock conditions.
Mud pump rotary drilling is a more economical way of drilling and is ideal for soil, sand, and clay formations and, for rock, has a lower drilling speed than submersible drilling.
With auger drilling, no air compressor or mud pump is required for the drilling process. However, it can only drill soils, clays and sands.
In terms of the drilling process, we have 2 drilling methods.
Direct circulation drilling, where the drilling fluid (air or mud) is passed through the drill pipe and the drill cuttings are removed through the space between the outside of the drill pipe and the hole wall.
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Reverse circulation drilling, which requires a double-walled drill pipe. The drilling fluid passes through the space between the inner wall of the outer pipe and the outer wall of the inner pipe. It is the most effective drilling method for cobbles and sandy, soil geological structures.
One needs to consider the availability of spare parts when buying a drilling rig. It is part of the operating costs. If spare parts are not readily available, it means you have to pay more to get them and it takes longer. All this will definitely affect the profitability of the drilling business.
These are just some of the basics of rig selection. It can be used as a guide for entrepreneurs buying a drilling rig. If you want to know more information about types of drilling rigs, welcome to contact us today or request a quote.
Foundation drilling is, in essence, using big machines to put big holes in the ground.
Most residential homes have a reinforced, concrete slab foundation poured on top of the ground. Though some settling and shifting will occur, it is not enough to send the walls tumbling down. However, huge structures like bridges and office buildings, need foundations that can handle some movement and are strong enough to carry the weight of the building itself and what’s on or inside of it. To do this, large construction projects use foundation drilling rigs to create drilled shafts. Also known as drilled piers, caissons or bored piles, drilled shafts are constructed by pouring concrete into a drilled hole. The load is supported mainly through skin friction where the subsurface soil surrounding the shaft holds it in place. End-bearing shafts carry the weight load on the base of the shaft. This type of drilled shaft is used less often.
The type of rig used depends on several factors. How deep and what the diameter of the holes will be, obviously. But, the type of soil, where the project is located (in a city or out in the boonies), and how much room there is to maneuver are just some of the considerations. The project requirements will also dictate which foundation drilling method is used.
These are the most common drilling methods:
Kelly Drilling
Kelly drilling is a dry rotary drilling method. It is used to make bored piles with a large diameter, typically over 500mm. It’s is popular because it works for most types of rock and soil. A key part of this method is the telescopic drill rod – also known as the Kelly bar.
Continuous Flight Auger Drilling
Continuous flight auger drilling is another dry rotary method. It uses rotation of a continuous flight auger to displace soil. The auger needs to be the same length as the hole that will be drilled. This makes it a good solution for predrilling.
Double Rotary Drilling
Double rotary drilling combines continuous flight auger drilling with a continuous casing. This method is used for challenging soil conditions or sensitive environments. Drill cuttings are ejected from an opening in the top of the auger.
Full Displacement Drilling
Full displacement drilling is used for cast-in-place piles. The surrounding soil is only displaced and virtually no drill cuttings are brought to the surface. A smooth casing is used and fitted with a displacement body at the lower end.
Grab Drilling
Grab drilling is the oldest of the dry drilling methods. Soil is loosened by cutting or impact driving. This method is typically used for well drilling or cast-in-place piles.
Reverse Circulation Drilling
Reverse circulation drilling can produce boreholes of about 3.2m diameter. The method is useful in challenging soil conditions such as karst. This method uses the mammoth pump principle. The flushing drill fluid rises inside the drill rod and brings the drill cuttings to the surface. This technique can be used for soil or rock drilling.
Down-the-Hole Drilling
For very hard rock or to break up boulders, the down-the-hole drilling method is used. A hammer is mounted on the drill bit at the end of the drill rod. Compressed air is used to pneumatically break and remove the rock or boulders. The bit breaks up the rock by rotating and impacting at the same time. The compressed air moves the loosened drill cuttings to the surface.
No matter the method, there is a foundation drilling rig available to put those big holes in the ground, in the right place, at the right depth.
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