Questions You Should Know about Chlorine Dioxide Liquid

Are chlorine dioxide and chlorine the same thing?

Although the name chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) includes chlorine, the chemistry of theChlorine dioxide totally different from that of chlorine. A single atom is enough to change everything. The difference between chlorine and ClO 2 comes from their dissimilar chemical structure - and it is also what is responsible for their chemical behavior.

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It's similar to hydrogen. It is usually a highly explosive gas, but when it combines with oxygen it turns into dihydrogen oxide - commonly known as water .

How is chlorine dioxide used in water treatment and how does it work?

Currently, ClO 2 is mainly used in North America as the primary disinfectant for surface water with odor and taste problems. It is a powerful biocide, even in very low concentrations (0.1 ppm) and over a wide pH range. ClO 2 penetrates through the bacterial cell wall and reacts with vital amino acids in the cytoplasm of the cell to kill the organism. The by-product of this reaction is chlorite. Significantly, toxicological studies have shown that the disinfection by-product of ClO 2 (chlorite) does not pose .

any significant hazard to human health

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Is chlorine dioxide only used in urban water treatment?

Chlorine dioxide is widely used as a bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry. In fact, ClO 2 has become the most widely used chemical in bleaching processes to avoid their harmful environmental impact. Chlorine dioxide is also used as a biocide in the food industry for cleaning fruit and vegetables, disinfecting meat and poultry, cleaning process water, disinfecting floating water and for odor control. In industrial processes, ClO 2 is used for industrial water treatment (cooling systems / cooling systems), in ammonia plants, pulp mills (sludge control, paper machines), on oil fields, in air washers, at the Textile bleaching and used in the electronics industry. Chlorine dioxide is also used in medical waste.

How does chlorine dioxide affect the environment?

Chlorine dioxide is environmentally friendly and a pollution protection technology because it protects the environment and human health from bacteria and from by-products caused by others Desinfektionsmethoden would have been formed. For example, the use of ClO 2 in the pulp and paper industry has eliminated all of the dioxin in the factory waste and thus contributed to a significant improvement in the water ecosystem .

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Why should I use chlorine dioxide instead of chlorine for water treatment?

It should be noted that both chlorine and chlorine dioxide are powerful and effective disinfectants. Chlorine was and is a very effective disinfectant that is responsible for making and storing safe drinking water for people around the world. In cases where surface water as A source of drinking water that contains organic materials, ClO 2 offers the following services. First, ClO 2 uses an oxidizing and not a chlorine reaction. This practically excludes the formation of organic chlorine compounds which are suspected of being carcinogenic. Second, ClO 2 is generated on site, which avoids storage and / or transportation of chlorine .

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Is chlorine dioxide toxic?

Fifty years of work experience has shown that ClO 2 is a safe tool when used correctly. Nearly 4.5 million pounds of chlorine dioxide are used in the manufacture of pulp and paper worldwide every day. However, as with all disinfecting chemicals, if used improperly, If handled, ingested, absorbed, or exposed to too long, they can be toxic. However, it is precisely this toxicity that makes ClO 2 a good water disinfectant .

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Can I purchase chlorine dioxide directly from chemical dealers?

Pure chlorine dioxide cannot be purchased in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. The transport of ClO 2 is not allowed because ClO 2 is a very reactive and effective chemical. Chlorine dioxide must are produced and used at the moment of application. Chlorine dioxide generators are automated and user-friendly .

How is chlorine dioxide produced?

Chlorine dioxide can either be produced chemically from sodium chlorite or sodium chlorate, or it can be produced electrochemically.

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Is chlorine dioxide expensive?

The cost of chlorine dioxide depends on the cost of the base chemical - sodium chlorite or sodium chlorate - and the chemicals needed to convert these chemicals to ClO 2 . The costs of ClO 2 also depend on the production method used. Compared to the cost of chlorine, those of chlorine dioxide are higher. Nevertheless, chlorine dioxide is an excellent alternative in cases in which chlorine cannot be used due to process engineering or environmental effects. The costs of producing ClO 2 are in fact significantly lower than those of other alternatives such as ozone, which can also be used .

for water treatment

Can chlorine dioxide be stored safely?

Solutions of about 1% ClO 2 (10 g / l) can be safely stored at 5 ° C for a few months with little change in concentration provided the solution has no free gas space and is protected from light .

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Process and Cylce Answers

How is ClorDiSys' chlorine dioxide better than others?Our generation process creates pure chlorine dioxide, something that other manufacturers cannot say. Other methods generation of chlorine dioxide create harmful byproducts such as hydrochloric acid, chlorine, and chlorous acid along with the chlorine dioxide, which can affect materials within the space being decontaminated.Why is humidification necessary?Humidity is required for all spore log reduction, independent upon the agent used. Whether using EtO, formaldehyde, chlorine dioxide gas or VPHP, humidity is required. Humidity softens up the spore walls and allows the decontaminating agent to penetrate and inactivate the spore easier. VPHP humidifies during its injection as 65% water is vaporized and injected into the room along with the VPHP.How fast are typical cycle times?Our chlorine dioxide gas systems offer short cycle times for all applications.

• Sterilizers - 30 ft3 vacuum chamber in under 2.25 hrs. start to finish (6-log reduction of spores)
• Isolators - 300 ft3 chamber in under 2.5 hrs. start to finish (6-log reduction of spores)
• Rooms - ft3 room in under 3.5 hrs. start to finish (6-log reduction of spores)

What kind of concentration monitoring is available?Our Cloridox-GMP, Minidox-M, and Steridox-VP all offer integrated, precise, and repeatable chlorine dioxide gas concentration monitoring and control. Our concentration monitor has been validated by the United States Army and greatly simplifies validation efforts.Why keep CD Gas generators outside the room?We keep our equipment outside of the room during decontamination for user safety. Other competing technologies require that their equipment must be located inside the room to help it work better. If a failure/issue occurs and the equipment is located inside the room, then the user may have to enter the room that is filled with a dangerous agent, to correct the situation and shut the system down. If an issue occurs and the equipment is located outside the room being decontaminated (like the ClorDiSys process) then the user does not have to enter the area and can shut down the process more easily and safely.

Chlorine Dioxide Answers

What is CD Gas? Where is it used? How does it work?Please visit our What is Chlorine Dioxide? page to find out more.What is CD Gas effective against?ClorDiSys chlorine dioxide gas is EPA registered as a sterilant. This means that chlorine dioxide gas is effective and can be used to destroy or eliminate all forms of microbial life including fungi, viruses, and all forms of bacteria and their spores. Spores are considered to be the most difficult form of microorganism to destroy. Therefore, EPA considers the term Sporicide to be synonymous with 'Sterilizer.' Reference: http://www.epa.gov/oppad001/ad_info.htmDownload our Biological Efficacy Brochure for a sample list of organisms which chlorine dioxide gas has been shown effective against.Can CD Gas be contained?Yes. Containing CD Gas to the area you want it to decontaminate is fairly easy but the method to do so is different in various facilities. In most cases, duct tape is the only tool necessary.Can we use CD Gas without 'gas tight dampers'?Yes. While gas tight dampers are always the easiest to work with when shutting down the HVAC system to perform a decontamination, they are not necessary.Can we use CD Gas if we can't shut down our HVAC?Yes, in fact, it is even possible to perform a chlorine dioxide gas decontamination when the HVAC cannot be shut down, with the help of our Room Bladder System or Room Valve System.How can CD Gas be removed after a decon?Chlorine dioxide gas can be vented or scrubbed, depending on customer preference.What does CD Gas break down into?Abiotic Degradation: Chlorine dioxide: It has a short half life, and in the presence of sunlight, whether it is in water or as a gaseous molecule, its breakdown products are: chloride and chlorate ions, between pH 4 and 7. Ultimately, oxygen is formed. Biotic Degradation: Chlorate and chlorite ions show a tendency to undergo biodegradation under anaerobic conditions only. There are no reports indicating these ions under go biodegradation under aerobic conditions. Biodegradation for chlorate and chlorite have been observed in anoxic ground water, sediments and some soils. The end products are again the same: chloride and oxygen. Reference: Chlorine Dioxide Environmental Fate and Transport Assessment Case US EPAWhat is the difference between chlorine and chlorine dioxide?Unlike chlorine, CD is non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, and relatively non-irritating. CD does not form hydrochloric acid when exposed to water as does chlorine. It also does not combine with organics to form carcinogenic chlorinated hydrocarbons. One could ask what the difference between carbon and carbon dioxide is. Similarly, chlorine is much different than chlorine dioxide gas.Is CD Gas unstable?Chlorine dioxide gas does need to be produced in situ, however the life span of chlorine dioxide gas is in the order of days, so there is no danger of chlorine dioxide gas breaking down during decontamination.What is 'stabilized' chlorine dioxide?'Stabilized' chlorine dioxide has only trace amounts of chlorine dioxide. It is really buffered sodium chlorite with some peroxide. It is also a far weaker oxidizing agent. Chlorine dioxide is not a stable molecule and cannot be bottled or packaged. It lasts at most a few days, then breaks down into chlorites and chlorates.

Application Answers

Can CD Gas be used in BSL-3 and BSL-4 facilities?Yes, many BSL-3. BSL-3Ag and BSL-4 facilities worldwide use chlorine dioxide gas for their decontamination process. In the United States, many of the Regional Biosafety Labs use chlorine dioxide gas as well.Why use CD Gas for room decontamination?

• Remove the human factor from the decontamination process
• Reduce human exposure to disinfecting agents
• Reduce overall decontamination time due to short aeration times
• Only method that offers complete kill
• No measurable residuals unlike formaldehyde
• Non-carcinogenic unlike formaldehyde or VPHP (confirmed animal carcinogen according to the ACGIH)

Please visit our Why Choose CD Page for additional informationCan CD Gas be used in large volume spaces?Yes, our process is very size scalable. Our Decon Services team has done multiple decontaminations of areas over 1,000,000 ft3 all at once. Being a true gas chlorine dioxide gas naturally and evenly fills the space it is within, no matter how large.

Method Comparison Answers

Why use CD Gas instead of hydrogen peroxide vapor?Visit our Chlorine Dioxide Gas vs. Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor page to learn why.What is the difference between a true gas and a vapor?

• Complete Coverage - With chlorine dioxide gas, there are no issues with tight, hidden or difficult to reach areas. Gasses by nature fill the space they are contained within evenly and completely. The chlorine dioxide molecule is 0.124 nm in size, far smaller than viruses, fungi, bacteria and their spores. This means that chlorine dioxide gas is able to contact organisms wherever they are in a space. Vapors are subject to hydrogen bonding, which clumps their molecules together and limits its movement in air
• Temperature Gradients - With chlorine dioxide gas, there are no issues with temperature or temperature gradients. As a gas, it does not condense out as VPHP does. With as little as one-degree temperature gradient, VPHP concentration can be affected. With VPHP, this small temperature difference can cause different concentrations throughout the chamber
• Aeration Time - Since chlorine dioxide gas is a true gas and cannot condense on the chamber surfaces, the aeration is far quicker. There is no need to wait for the condensed sterilant on the chamber surfaces to transform back into the vapor state and then be carried out of the chamber
• No cycle development necessary for chlorine dioxide gas cycles as the process is forgiving enough to overcome the amount and position of equipment and materials within the space, and the temperature/humidity within the space
• Easy validation of cycles due to accurate concentration monitoring capabilities and complete/even distribution

Why use CD Gas instead of formaldehyde?Visit our Chlorine Dioxide Gas vs. Formaldehyde page to learn why.Why use CD Gas instead of ethylene oxide?Our chlorine dioxide gas systems offer safety, ambient temperatures and rapid aeration times. • Chlorine dioxide gas is not carcinogenic. • Chlorine dioxide gas is non-flammable at use concentrations. • Reduced installation costs - our sterilizers do not require Damage Limiting Construction (DLC). • Sterilization at ambient temperatures (15°C to 40°C). • Chlorine dioxide gas does not require high concentrations to achieve sporicidal effects. • Far quicker aeration due to minimal product penetration.Why use CD Gas instead of steam?Our chlorine dioxide gas systems offer the ability to sterilize temperature sensitive products. • Ambient temperature sterilization chlorine dioxide gas is efficacious at ambient temperatures, which reduces the stresses of heating and cooling chambers. • Shorter cycle times no need for cool down time as required with steam. • Reduce chamber costs chlorine dioxide gas does not require a ASME pressure rated chamber. Our systems work under vacuum or ambient pressures. Chlorine dioxide gas is a greener process, offering energy and cost savings due to the lack of water and steam.

Material Compatibility Answers

Is CD Gas corrosive?