1. What is the mechanism sand?
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Answer: The mechanism sand refers to the sand processed by the sand making machine and other ancillary equipment. It can be processed into sand of different rules and sizes according to different process requirements.
2. What equipment is usually required for a machine sand production line?
Answer: The mechanism sand production line usually needs equipment such as sand making machine, vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher, vibrating screen, belt conveyor, sand washing machine, etc., according to different process requirements. Various types of equipment are combined to meet different process requirements of customers.
3. Advantages of machine sand compared to natural sand
Answer: 1) Stable supply
Due to years of exploitation, natural sand is getting less and less resources, demand is in short supply, prices are soaring, and supply and quality are not guaranteed; while mechanical sand materials are sufficient, urban construction waste (construction waste), gravel tailings, scraps, stone chips, Stone residue, mine tailings, etc. can be used as mechanical sand raw materials.
2) Price aspect
The price of machine-made sand varies from place to place, but it is basically much cheaper than river sand. Compared with river sand, the mechanism sand is about 20 yuan cheaper per ton. In addition, the profit of the mechanism sand is quite considerable, calculated on the scale of 2,000 tons per day and calculated according to the current market price. The estimated gross profit per month is more than 1 million yuan.
3) Environmental aspects
The traditional mechanism sand production will bring environmental problems such as dust pollution. However, with the continuous improvement of the sand making process, the production now adopts a fully enclosed structure, and each machine has a water spray setting, the dust does not overflow, and the environment is environmentally friendly. The dry process does not require water washing and does not cause problems such as sewage, sludge, and dust.
4) Adhesion and life
The graininess of machine-made sand is often used for cement bonding and other structural bonding, and it tends to have better adhesion, more compression resistance and longer service life.
4. What are the main advantages of the dry process?
1) The produced mechanism sand has a low moisture content, generally less than 2%, and the commercial mixed dry mortar can be used directly.
2) The content of stone powder in the finished sand can be adjusted and controlled, and centralized recycling can be comprehensively utilized to reduce dust emissions.
3) There is little or no water in the production process, saving water resources and protecting the environment.
4) Easy to centralize operation control and realize automatic management.
5) It can be continuously produced throughout the year without being affected by drought and cold seasons.
5. Why is the wet production process less and less used?
1) Consumption of a large amount of water, 1t sand and stone requires water consumption of 2-3.5m.
2) The product has high sand water content, must be dehydrated, and must be re-dried for dry mixing.
3) The product sand fineness modulus is coarse and the sand production is low.
4) Produce a large amount of muddy powder sewage, pollute the environment, and the stone powder is not easy to recycle.
5) There are many types of infrastructure investment and equipment, and the production cost of mechanism sand is high.
6) It cannot be produced normally in dry or rainy areas or during the icing season.
6. What are the characteristics of the semi-dry sand making process?
Answer: The semi-dry production process is relatively wet production process. The biggest feature is that the mud and stone powder on the surface of the sand-making raw material are washed away with water. Some or all of the finished sand is no longer washed with water. Therefore, the water consumption is relatively small, and the stone powder in the finished sand is used. The amount of loss is small and the moisture content is low. However, this sandstone production process requires more water resources, and the sewage treatment equipment still needs to be equipped, but the specifications are much smaller. The investment cost is less than the wet method, more than the dry method, the finished sandstone powder content is between the two, and the running cost is also between the two.
7. What is the mechanism sand methylene blue (MB) value?
Answer: It is used to determine whether the particle size of the mechanical sand is less than 0.075mm. The content of the particles is mainly soil or the same as the chemical composition of the processed parent rock. The methane blue value of the mechanism sand requires MB ≤ 1.4, and it should be controlled below 1.0.
8. Why do you want to humidify the finished sand?
Answer: In the mechanism sand dry production process, the wet sand mixing treatment of the finished machine mechanism can make the water content of the mechanism sandstone reach the saturated surface dry state, which is conducive to the control of the subsequent concrete mixing water consumption, and can reduce the segregation during transportation. And dust.
9. Why is the fineness modulus of the mechanism sand unstable?
Answer: During the production process, the lithology, water content and gradation of the feed are easy to change, and the screening process will also cause problems such as plugging and damage. The efficiency of the crushing and dust removal equipment and the parameters are also unstable, which easily leads to the mechanism sand fineness mode. The number is unstable.
10. Can the production mechanism sand use waste concrete and masonry?
Answer: Waste concrete, masonry and industrial waste residue are processed through special equipment such as sorting, cleaning, crushing and sieving to produce machine-made sand. However, the current industry is mainly used to produce recycled coarse aggregate.
11. What is the basis for the artificial sandstone production process?
Answer: The basis of the dry, wet and semi-dry artificial sandstone production process:
1) First decide on the location and water resources of the mechanism sand and gravel system, the cleanliness of raw materials, and the specific requirements for aggregate, mechanical sandstone content and fineness modulus. If the original conditions permit, the dry process is preferred, followed by the semi-dry process, and finally the wet process.
2) Considering the equipment input, the size of the floor, the difficulty of production management, and the processing cost of the mechanism sand and gravel, it is also a priority to consider the dry method, the second half dry method, and finally the wet method.
12. How to sample the mechanism sand?
Answer: The general method of mechanical sand sampling is:
1) When sampling on the pile, the sampling points should be evenly distributed. Before sampling, the surface of the sampling site is removed, and then 8 parts of sand are roughly taken from different parts to form a group of samples.
2) When sampling from the belt conveyor, the applicator picks up four equal portions of sand at the discharge end of the belt conveyor to form a group of samples.
3) When sampling from trains, cars, and cargo ships, extract approximately 8 equal amounts of sand from different parts and depths to form a group of samples.
13. What are the main methods for detecting the content of sand and gravel?
Answer: The mechanical stone powder content generally has two test methods: water washing method and dry sieve method. Representatively, it is American ASTMC136 or AASHTOT27, suitable for dry screening, ASTMC117 or AASHTOT11, suitable for water sieve. However, China has always used cement dry aggregate or asphalt pavement aggregates, and all of them use the dry sieve method directly. The 0.075mm sieve throughput is determined without water washing, so the accuracy is poor. The dry screening method is mainly applied to aggregates for cement concrete, and is also comprehensively evaluated in combination with the detection results of methylene blue values.
14. What are the main methods of stone powder separation?
Answer: From the development of industrial process equipment: At present, the methods for removing excess stone powder in undisturbed sand are mainly water washing hydraulic classification method, high frequency sieve mechanical screening method and powder selection and dust removal wind classification method.
15. How to adjust the gradation of the mechanism sand particle grading index?
Answer: The mechanism sand particle grading can be achieved by adjusting the feed grading, feed amount, crusher speed, screen size and so on.
16. What factors affect the mechanism sand shape?
Answer: The factors affecting the sand shape of the mechanism are:
1) Source rock lithology, such as developmental joints, is not conducive to obtaining better grain shape.
2) Type of crushing equipment, impact crusher has good forming effect.
3) Screen type, such as square hole, is better for grain shape control.
17. Why do you want to "break through the grinding, more broken and less grinding"?
Answer: Because the energy utilization of the crushing is higher than that of the grinding, more grinding and less grinding is conducive to saving energy, but it can not be completely broken, because the energy utilization of the two materials changes inversely with the particle size of the material.
18. What are the characteristics of the impact of breaking the stone and stone?
Answer: "Shida Stone" is suitable for medium-hard and abrasive materials, such as basalt. Under the working condition of “stone-rock”, the finished product has better grain size and slightly more powder. "Stone iron" is suitable for materials with low abrasiveness below medium hardness, such as limestone. Under the working condition of “stone hitting iron”, the crushing efficiency is high, the wear cost of the peripheral guard plate is high, and the finished product shape is slightly poor. The most serious wear of “stone hitting iron” should be the anvil, so its structural design and casting process are also important factors affecting the efficiency of the sand making machine. In addition, "stone stone" is suitable for shaping, and "stone iron" is suitable for sand making.
19. Why does the impact break (sand machine) use a double motor?
Answer: The use of dual motors has two main functions:
1) The dual motor guarantees the balanced force of the spindle.
2) Guaranteed speed, energy will be lost during transmission, and the dual motor guarantees high power and ensures the speed.
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20. How to solve the problem that the working current deviation is large?
Answer: In a double-drive device, the phenomenon that one motor has a lower current than the other is called an inert reaction, and the deviation requirement should not be greater than 10%. Generally, the transmission belt tension is adjusted and made equal, the terminal cleaning degree is checked, and the soft start is checked. Problems and other solutions.
21. Why is the impeller rotor to be statically balanced?
Answer: The impeller rotor does not perform proper static balance correction. The rotor imbalance is large. The centrifugal force generated during the operation will cause abnormal vibration and failure of the equipment, abnormal rotor wear and excessive noise. According to industry standards, the impeller rotor balance of the impact sand making machine is G16.
22. What are the basic steps for sand balancing?
Answer: After replacing the wear parts of the impeller rotor of the impact sand making machine, the basic steps of correcting the static balance of the impeller rotor are:
1) Clean the sand and gravel, old worn parts, sundries, etc. on the rotor and accessories, and confirm that they can continue to be used.
2) Reinstall the wear parts and install the rotor on the balance tool.
3) Determine the unbalanced weight and position.
4) Review the balanced rotor balance.
23. Factors affecting the efficiency of the impact sand making machine?
Answer: 1) Characteristics of raw materials. The material has low hardness and strength, good fractureability and high sand making efficiency.
2) The effect of the moisture content of the broken material. Higher water content will reduce the amount of sand produced.
3) The amount of feed. Generally speaking, the larger the amount of feed, the better the crushing effect, but there is an extreme point.
4) The speed of the impeller. Generally, the higher the speed, the better the crushing efficiency.
24. Why does the impact sandblaster vibrate when it starts running?
Answer: Because the uniform lining does not form a balance in the rotor when starting the operation, it is usually necessary to enter several fine materials at the beginning. If it starts, the coarse material will continue to vibrate for several hours until the rotor is formed. Uniform lining.
25. What type of vibrating screen is currently used for mechanical sand screening?
Answer: The screening equipment mainly used for sand and gravel production is: rod sieve, cylindrical sieve, circular vibrating sieve, linear vibrating sieve, high frequency sieve and probability sieve. Among them, the bar sieve is mainly used for the soil removal process. It is more common to use a circular vibrating screen and a linear vibrating screen.
26. What factors can cause screen plugging?
Answer: 1) Sand and gravel particles containing a large number of critical separation points in sand and gravel.
2) There are many flake materials in the sand and gravel material; due to the rock breakage or the sand and gravel itself, there are more flakes in the gravel material, and the flake materials in the screening cannot pass through the sieve.
3) The amount of mud in the sand and gravel material is large.
4) The water content in the sand and gravel material is relatively high.
27. What is the main reason why the screen is easily damaged?
Answer: The main reasons why the screen is easily damaged are:
1) The quality or material of the screen is unqualified.
2) The screen is not sufficiently tensioned to cause the screen to vibrate, usually breaking or damaging along the edge of the screen or the edge of the bead.
3) The vibration amplitude of the sieve is too small, causing the sand particles to accumulate on the screen and quickly damage the screen.
28. What is the relationship between fineness modulus and screen size?
Answer: The current general requirement for the fineness modulus of the mechanism sand is 2.6-3.0. It is generally recommended to use a screen size of 3.0mm or 3.5mm. If the stone powder content is high, consider using a 2.8mm screen; if it reaches about 2.3, consider a long screen, such as 1.7X5 or 1.9X5. Screen type is generally selected as a square hole screen, which is very advantageous for grain shape control; round hole net or long screen is used as little as possible; it is also necessary to monitor whether the screen is damaged or not and affect the fineness modulus.
29. What are the wearing parts of the impact sand making machine?
Answer: Standard consumables are: cylindrical roller bearings, deep groove ball bearings, thrust ball bearings, expansion sleeves, conveyor belts, oil seals, O-rings.
Non-standard wearing parts are: upper bushing, lower bushing (feeding bucket lifting part), shock absorbing rubber, stern wheel retaining ring, upper jaw lower runner plate, impact block, split cone, wear plate, throw Material head, blanking ring, feeding tube, upper armor striking guard, hopper lining ring, distribution tray, bulk tray (bulk cone), peripheral shield.
30. Why is the wheel sand washing machine generally used in wet production?
Answer: The wheel type sand washing machine has a simple structure, the failure rate is much lower than that of the spiral sand washing machine, and in the washing process, the fine grain sand and the stone powder are less lost, and the mechanism of the produced sand is better, the fineness modulus Easy to control, the quality is more stable.
31. Mechanism sand apparent density loose bulk density requirements?
Answer: The apparent density of the mechanism sand is not less than kg/m3; the loose bulk density is not less than kg/m3; the void ratio is not more than 44%.
32. What kinds of rocks are natural rocks divided into?
A: The natural rock is divided into three categories, namely:
The first type is magmatic rock (igneous rock), which is formed by eruption of magma and generally has a hard and uniform texture.
The second type is sedimentary rock (sedimentary rock), which is formed by a series of geological processes such as weathering, transportation, sedimentation and diagenesis. It is characterized by a generally layered distribution structure with similar properties in the same period.
The third type is metamorphic rock, which is formed on the basis of existing rock and undergoes metamorphism. It has the characteristics of both rock and its own characteristics.
33. Which rocks can be used for mechanical sandstone production?
Answer: The sand-making materials of the mechanism sandstone (crushed stone) are usually made of granite, basalt, river pebble, pebbles, andesite, rhyolite, diabase, diorite, sandstone, limestone and so on. The mechanical sands produced by them are distinguished by the type of rock, and there are also differences in strength and use.
While seemingly unassuming, sand is crucial for many industries. The uses and differences between each type of sand are varied. Cement and concrete rely on one variation of sand, while fiberglass uses another kind. Sand is also integral in creating glass products or iron and steel components. It’s understandable to see how much value sand has in society; many industries would suffer without it.
Moving sand easily from an operation to its final destination is imperative to keeping construction companies and other industries supplied with this essential material. While we at Kemper Equipment can help you design and build systems for your sand operations, there’s still the question of how you transport the material from your production facility to a new location as quickly as possible after it’s been processed.
The first step to moving sand easily is locating it. Many people assume it’s easy to find, but it takes a significant amount of resources to develop deposits capable of producing sand products.
Sand is a very versatile material and is derived from many kinds of rock types, most of which include limestone, feldspar, and silicon dioxide. Producers may find it naturally below and above ground, in glacial deposits, sand dunes, arid environments, and natural lakes, seas, and oceans. After you’ve located the sand deposits, next comes the quarrying.
You may apply most of the tactics used for hard rock quarries to sand and gravel operations. The most significant difference between sand and gravel quarries and everything else is the land use these operations require. Sand and gravel deposits are typically shallow, so naturally, companies have to disturb more land to obtain the same volume of product.
Typically, mining for sand comes from sources above ground, such as sand dunes, but operational facilities often dredge it from deep underwater excavations known as pits. Dredges are large structures that float in manmade or natural ponds.
They rely on a continuous chain of buckets or rotary cutting heads to dislodge material from below the water’s surface. The material is displaced and removed using a suction hose and separated from other mineral particles during the process. A dredge is a tool used for excavating the gravel, too.
Once a deposit is quarried and mined, you must move it from the source through the rest of your process to its final destination. This endpoint can mean the sale of the sand or its use in construction and industrial products.
Conveyor systems using stationary or overland conveyors, telescopic conveyors, and radial stackers provide operations with a way to move sand across long distances, up and down hills, and onto the transport.
Usually, operations would require wheel loaders to build a stockpile, but conveyors work by moving sand across a conveyor belt and dumping it in stockpiles, making it a cost-effective option for moving sand within your production. Radial stackers move along a radius, efficiently dumping the product into manageable caches. They remove the need for wheel loaders and reduce diesel, personnel, and maintenance costs in the process.
Conveyor and stacking systems offer customizable designs, from the length and width of the conveyor or stacker itself and belt width to the height of your stockpile and options including power radial wheels, chevron, or vulcanized belts, and hydraulics to extend the conveyor longer for larger stockpile size. A conveyor makes moving sand much more effortless.
For added convenience, conveyors can be designed to your specifications to meet your operational needs and budget. At Kemper Equipment, we can help design and build your system, so you know you are moving your sand product from processing to the end goal as efficiently as possible.
Additionally, whenever one of your conveyors or stacking systems requires repair or maintenance to keep your sand operation on track and moving quickly, don’t hesitate to contact us at Kemper Equipment. We have skilled technicians with the experience and knowledge necessary to help you get your operation up and running again as soon as possible.
Three of the easiest methods for transporting sand to its final destination are by trucks, rail, or barge. Trucks are relatively simple to use, mainly in loading and dumping. Many trucks are capable of dumping their loads once they arrive at the destination without assistance. Trucks are also available in many sizes and models to satisfy several operational needs, making them a convenient option.
Transporting sand by open-top rail is the second option. For operations near train rails, rail shipment provides an efficient method of moving the raw material, reducing the fuel consumption and some of the spending associated with trucks. The partially automated nature of rail shipping is another benefit companies can appreciate. Custom railcar loading and unloading systems can be used with 100-ton dump hopper cars, gondolas, or single cars, creating a much smoother, continuous flow of material.
Barges are the third form of transport for sand. A typical hopper barge can transport up to 1,700 net tons of sand, roughly the amount it would take 17 rail cars, or 68 trucks, to move. From a logistics standpoint, barges are an excellent solution for moving sand from origination to destination.
The three options each have their own benefits:
However, they also have their drawbacks:
Your selection will depend on the size of your operation and budget, but it will also depend on your location. Sometimes, you may need to use a combination of transportation methods to get your sand to where it belongs. Still, regardless of your choice or needs, sand is an easy raw material to move throughout the entire process when you utilize the proper equipment.
Contact us to discuss your requirements of Sand Storage Hopper. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.