Sweet corn must self-pollinate or pollinate by a similar variety. Wind moves corn pollen from the tassel at the top of the plant to the silks of the ears, and to lower parts of the plant.
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Tassel emerging from top of corn plantAlways plant corn in blocks of at least four rows. Corn planted in a single row will have much of its pollen blown out of the row, and will produce ears that have blank areas where kernels did not form.
Isolation is necessary to avoid mixing of kernel color, genetic types and other kinds of corn. Cross-pollination can lead to poorer flavor and texture.
The simplest way to isolate is putting distance between the plants.
If you garden in an agricultural area, try to plant your sweet corn 300 feet from the nearest cornfield. Large acreages of field corn will produce so much pollen that you could spoil your crop unless you plant your sweet corn far enough away.
The home garden may not be big enough to plant different sweet corn types far enough apart.
Different varieties produce pollen at different times, so you can isolate them by time. Since different varieties will respond individually to growing conditions, do not isolate them with less than two weeks until the given 'days to maturity' in the variety description.
You can also plant one variety earlier than another variety to achieve the needed difference in pollen production.
Finally, you could choose to grow just one type of sweet corn, and not worry about isolation.
by Cindy Ham
Sweet corn is a popular vegetable with home gardeners. It tastes better when harvested fresh from the garden. It can also be grown in any garden with sufficient space.
Sweet corn can be planted from early spring to early August. It requires warm soil for germination. Soil temperatures should be 55 degrees Fahrenheit or higher for normal sugary sweet corn varieties. Sugar enhancer and super sweet varieties will not germinate in cool soil. These varieties should not be planted until soil temperatures are above 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Test your soil!
Select an area with a deep, well-drained, sandy loam soil. Next, collect about one pint of soil from the area you selected for planting your sweet corn. Bring the soil you collected to the Extension Office for submission to the lab for testing.
Getting your soil tested is FREE!
One key item to note is the soil pH for growing sweet corn needs to be above pH 6.0. You also need a large garden because each plant produces only one or two ears. You need at least 80 feet of row to produce enough sweet corn for a family of four.
Sweet corn is grown from kernels (seeds). Kernels should be planted ½ inch deep in cool, moist soil and 1 ' 1 ½ inches deep in warm, dry soil. The kernels should be spaced 9 to 12 inches apart in a row. You should plant two or more rows of each variety of sweet. Plant the corn rows side by side to make sure you get good pollination and ear development. Also, leave 30 to 36 inches of space between each row of sweet corn.
You will need to fertilize and control weeds when growing corn. Apply fertilize according to soil test recommendations. Sweet corn will require nitrogen to produce a crop. Apply half of the nitrogen preplant and the other half of the nitrogen when four to five leaves are fully expanded. Phosphorus and potassium should both be applied preplant.
Weeds can be controlled by cultivating shallowly. Lack of water at critical periods can reduce quality and yield. If rainfall is low, irrigation will be needed.
Sweet corn can be affected by insects and diseases. Some common insects that cause damage to sweet corn are corn earworms, European corn borers, and flea beetles. Corn earworms are a problem every year.
Insecticides can be applied, or resistant varieties can be planted. Diseases such as Stewart's wilt and smut can also affect sweet corn. Visit our Plant Health Clinic to search for corn diseases and pests images and information.
Each cornstalk should produce at least one ear of corn. Sweet corn is picked during the 'milk stage' when the kernels are not fully mature. This stage will occur about 20 days after the appearance of the first milk strands. The kernels will be smooth and plump. The juice in the kernels will be milky when punctured with the thumbnail. Some other signs that indicate when the corn is ready to harvest are drying and browning of the silks, fullness of the tip kernels and firmness of the unhusked ears.
Visit our vegetable gardening A-Z page for more information about growing corn and other produce.
This year our Clark County Cooperative Extension Service team will be planting a sweet corn variety demonstration. We will be comparing varieties with insect resistance corn to with no insect resistance as well as bicolor versus white varieties. Be watching for more information about information the sweet corn variety demonstration this spring and summer. Check out our other county demonstrations and learn what our agriculture agents do in each part of the stsate.
Did you know Arkansas grows thousands of acres of field corn (which is different than sweet corn)? All field corn in Arkansas is used for livestock feed. Learn about corn production in Arkansas on our row crops website.
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