1. n. [Drilling]
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A set of two or more BOPs used to ensure pressure control of a well. A typical stack might consist of one to six ram-type preventers and, optionally, one or two annular-type preventers. A typical stack configuration has the ram preventers on the bottom and the annular preventers at the top.
The configuration of the stack preventers is optimized to provide maximum pressure integrity, safety and flexibility in the event of a well control incident. For example, in a multiple ram configuration, one set of rams might be fitted to close on 5-in diameter drillpipe, another set configured for 4 1/2-in drillpipe, a third fitted with blind rams to close on the openhole, and a fourth fitted with a shear ram that can cut and hang-off the drillpipe as a last resort.
It is common to have an annular preventer or two on the top of the stack since annulars can be closed over a wide range of tubular sizes and the openhole, but are typically not rated for pressures as high as ram preventers. The BOP stack also includes various spools, adapters and piping outlets to permit the circulation of wellbore fluids under pressure in the event of a well control incident.
See: annular BOP, blind ram, blowout preventer, casinghead, cellar, drilling riser, dynamic positioning, kill line, nipple up, ram blowout preventer, ram preventer, shut-in bottomhole pressure, shut-in pressure, Texas deck
When operating pressure is psi, BOP stack will at least consist Annular Preventer, Ram Preventers, Drilling Spool. Annular preventer is installed on the top of the wellbore, while Ram preventers are located below the annular preventer.
Main components of BOP Stack:
Annular BOP
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Annular blowout preventer (Annular BOP) is a special mechanical device used to seal, control, and monitor oil & gas well. Annular BOP is placed on the top of ram preventers. It is called annular due to its structure; it surrounds top of the wellbore in a shape of a ring or an annulus.
Ram BOP
Ram blowout preventer (Ram BOP) is a special assembly used during drilling as part of blowout prevention system. The shut-off valves in ram preventers close by forcing or ramming themselves together. Ram BOPs close the well by rams which operate in unison and actuated by hydraulic cylinders. Ram BOP has several types of rams, such as pipe ram, blind ram, shear ram and blind shear ram.
Drilling Spool
Drilling Spool is a mechanical device designed to connected wellhead with ram BOP or connect Double Ram BOP with Single Ram BOP, as well as provide means of mud circulation trough smaller-size nozzles, one for kill line, another for choke line.
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