Role of the Blowout Preventer (BOP)

Accumulator

The main control unit is called an accumulator. It controls all systems that interconnect to prevent emergency situations. The system activates based on hydraulic pressure, and the typical accumulator houses pumps, a hydraulic reservoir, a control manifold, control valves, compressed gas bottles, and several other facets.

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Often, an accumulator holds enough power to allow for BOP units and their backup functions to run when other systems fail, so it is mounted on top of the BOP stack itself.

Annular and RAM

An annular BOP is what closes the space around the diameter of the drill pipe, but since the actual system cannot be closed with a value due to the drill string, this controls the air flow for the mud without cutting off any other systematic elements.

The annular BOP sits at the top of the BOP stack, to provide the most efficient airtight option. A RAM BOP also works to prevent any unwanted materials from exploding in the system, but several are needed in the BOP stack to ensure optimum safety.

RAM Valves and the BOP Stack

All the parts of a RAM BOP (and sometimes an annular BOP component) make up a BOP stack. Types can include:

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• Blind RAMs, which close over any portion that lacks a drillstring
• Choke manifolds, a system of adjustable variables and pressure sensors that allow for the control of various fluids in different directions.
• The choke line valve assists in directing mud to the choke manifold when a kick occurs.
• A kill line valve, which acts as a backup to the standard drillpipe
• A casing RAM that can adjust to close around different piping sizes in the event of a kick

RAM valves can be stacked a number of different ways, for multiple types of efficiencies. Some BOP systems can reach massive heights, especially in deep-water drilling where a BOP system has a completely different purpose for successful extraction.

Industry Specification Requirements

BOPs and pressure control equipment are typically checked to verify meeting OEM and API specifications, including specification 16A for drill-through equipment.

Many preventers are also certified under DNV, ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), and Lloyd’s of London.

Annular BOPs can contain wellbore pressure and seal the well when required by closing on the pipe in the borehole. They are equally effective if there is no pipe in the wellbore.

Cameron provides designs for onshore, offshore, and subsea applications.

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