Sugarcane is an important cash crop of the country cultivated over about 5 million ha area including both sub-tropical and tropical regions. Sub-tropical region contributes more than 55% area of the sugarcane, however, cane yield and sugar recovery (%) are lower in comparison with tropical India.
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Co (Karan 4) is a high yielding and high sugar content variety, derived from the cross Co LK x Co 775. This variety was evolved at the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Regional Centre, Karnal and released by the Central Sub-committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties during as an early maturing variety for commercial cultivation in North-West Zone (NWZ) comprising the states of Haryana, Punjab, Western and Central Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan.
Co was evaluated at 7 locations under the AICRP (Sugarcane) during -08 in NWZ. It ranked 1st for cane yield (81 ton/ha), 2nd for sugar yield and 5th for sucrose content (%). In comparison to CoJ 64, a well known early maturing variety of NWZ, it showed 19.96, 15.83 and 0.50% improvement in cane yield, sugar yield and sucrose % respectively. The jaggery of Co is of A1 quality with light yellow colour. This variety is moderately resistant to the prevalent races of red rot pathogen.
This variety has spread in the field at a much faster rate as it combines both high cane yield and better juice quality and hence is being preferred by both farmers and sugar industry. Since -10, the area under Co has been increasing at a faster rate in all the five major sugarcane growing states, viz. Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, UP and Bihar in subtropical India. Though, this variety was released and notified for NWZ, however, it has crossed the boundaries of the zone to reach Eastern UP, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha. During -16, about 20.5% of the total cane area (21,77,802 ha) in North India was covered by Co (4,47,459 ha). Punjab had the maximum coverage (70% area) followed by Haryana (29%), UP (19.6%), Bihar (6%) and Uttarakhand (8.4%).
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There was higher cane yield and sugar recovery (%) in 20 districts of UP due to increase in area under Co from 72,623 ha (3.1%) during -14 to 1,76,763 ha (8.3%) during -15. The mean cane yield of these 20 districts was higher by 2.7 t/ha in comparison with mean cane yield of 24 districts with negligible area of Co . This resulted in additional cane production of 4.77 lakh tons (2.7 x 1,76,763). As a result, farmers of the UP state would have got an additional amount of 133.56 crores (4.77 lakh tonnes x ) as cane price. Hence per hectare profitability of farmers, who cultivated Co , was higher by about /-. Improved sugar recovery of 20 districts due to cultivation of Co would have led to production of additional 1,575 tonnes (4.77 x 0.33) (approx.) of sugar by the sugar mills in UP. In the process, sugar mills in the state earned additional amount of 3.94 crores (1,575 x 25,000).
Hence in the present scenario, the variety has helped in reducing the losses of sugar mills up to some extent. During -15, Co has resulted in an additional return of 137.5 crores to the farmers and sugar mills in the UP state alone.
During -16 season, one mill in Sitapur district of UP has recorded the highest sugar recovery (12.1%) on 21st December, , which is the highest ever recorded in sub-tropical India. With the spread of this news of historic impact of Co on sugar recovery in UP, the ICAR Sugarcane Breeding Institute is flooded with demands of seed of Co from many states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. This is a reversal of trend i.e. demand of a sub-tropical sugarcane variety in tropical India, observed for the first time in the history of sugarcane industry in the country.
A total number of 39 sugarcane clones have been identified in the meeting of
Varietal Identification Committee of AICRP on Sugarcane under different
sugarcane agro-climatic zones across the India. Out of these 28 sugarcane
varieties have also been released & notified by Central Varietal Release
Committee (CVRC) for commercial cultivation in different sugarcane agro-climatic
zones. The zone-wise sugarcane varieties identified/notified during the period
are given as under.
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CoPb (CoPb 92):
This variety has been developed by PAURS, Faridkot (Punjab) in early group and
identified in for Noth West Zone. The variety recorded cane yield by 79.07
t/ha, CCS yield 9.84 t/ha and sucrose 18.03% in juice. It is moderately
resistant to red rot, smut and wilt diseases. It is less susceptible to early
shoot borer and top borer.
CoLk (Ikshu-3):
This variety has been developed by ICAR-IISR, Lucknow under mid-late group for
North-West zone and identified in . The variety recorded cane yield by
82.80 t/ha, CCS yield 9.30 t/ha and sucrose 17.0% in juice. It is lodging
tolerant and suitable for multiple ratooning with lush green top at maturity.
This provides additional benefit in the form of green fodder to the farmers.
This variety has been released & notified by the CVRC during .
Co (Karan-12):
This variety has been developed by ICAR-SBI, Coimbatore under mid-late group for
North-West zone and identified in . The variety recorded cane yield by 83.56
t/ha, CCS yield 10.06 t/ha and sucrose 17.49% in juice. This variety is suitable
for water logging conditions. It is a good substitute of CoS 767 which is
deteriorated due to increased incidence of GSD and red rot. This variety has
been released & notified by the CVRC during .
CoLk (Ikshu-4):
This variety has been developed by ICAR-IISR, Lucknow in mid-late group for
North West Zone and identified in . The variety recorded cane yield by 91.50
t/ha, CCS yield 11.20 t/ha and sucrose 17.65% in juice. This variety is
non-loading, non-flowering, better rationing and nutrient responsive and good
performer under moisture stress conditions. This variety has been released &
notified by the CVRC during .
CoLk (Ikshu-5):
This variety has been developed by ICAR-IISR, Lucknow in early group for
North-West Zone and identified in . The variety recorded cane yield by 81.97
t/ha, CCS yield 10.52 t/ha and sucrose 18.41% in juice. The variety CoLk
is a good ratooner. This variety has been released & notified by the CVRC during
.
Co (Karan-13):
This variety has been developed by ICAR-SBIRC, Karnal under mid-late group for
North-West zone and identified in . The variety recorded cane yield by 95.57
t/ha, CCS yield 12.07 t/ha and sucrose 18.10% in juice. It is suitable for
planting in autumn and spring seasons. It is a least susceptible to shoot borer,
top borer and stalk borer. This variety has been released & notified by the CVRC
during .
CoS (Sahaj-3) :
This sugarcane variety has been developed by UPCSR, Shahjahanpur in mid-late
group for North West zone and identified in The variety has exhibited cane
yield by 88.86 t/ha, CCS yield 11.21 t/ha and sucrose 18.18% in juice. This
variety is Non lodging, Non flowering, better ratooning and nutrient responsive.
Reaction to red rot was R to MR. This variety has been released & notified by
the CVRC during .
Co (Karan-14) :
This sugarcane variety has been developed by ICAR-SBI Regional Centre, Karnal in
mid-late group for North West zone and identified in . The variety has
exhibited cane yield by 86.76 t/ha, CCS yield 11.00 t/ha and sucrose 18.25% in
juice. Reaction to red rot was R to MR. The variety is least susceptible to
shoot borer, top borer and stalk borer. This variety has been released &
notified by the CVRC during .
Co (Karan-15):
This sugarcane variety has been developed by ICAR-SBI Regional Centre, Karnal in
mid-late group for North West zone and identified in . The variety has
exhibited cane yield by 86.76 t/ha, CCS yield 11.00 t/ha and sucrose 18.25% in
juice. Reaction to red rot was R to MR. The variety is least susceptible to
shoot borer, top borer and stalk borer. This variety has been released &
notified by the CVRC during .
CoLk (Ikshu-8):
This variety has been developed by ICAR-IISR, Lucknow in mid-late group and
identified in for North West Zone. The variety recorded cane yield (92.73
t/ha), CCS (11.39 t/ha) and sucrose % in juice (17.73). The clone showed disease
reaction of moderately resistant (MR) to red rot. This variety has been released
& notified by the CVRC during .
CoPb (CoPb 98) :
This variety has been developed by PAU RS, Faridkot in midlate group and
identified in for North West Zone. The variety has exhibited cane yield
(88.99 t/ha), sucrose (%) in juice (18.50) and CCS (11.58 t/ha). Reaction
against red rot was moderately resistant (MR). This variety has been released &
notified by the CVRC during .
CoLk (Ikshu-11) :
This sugarcane variety has been developed by ICAR-IISR, Lucknow in early group
for North West zone and identified in . The variety has exhibited cane yield
by 93.92 t/ha, CCS yield 11.44 t/ha and sucrose 17.64% in juice. Reaction
against red rot was moderately resistant, moderately susceptible through plug
method & resistant through cotton swab method. The clone showed less susceptible
reaction for major insect-pests. This variety has been released & notified by
the CVRC during .
CoLk (Ikshu-12):
This sugarcane variety has been developed by ICAR-IISR, Lucknow in mid-late
group for North West zone and identified in . The variety has exhibited cane
yield by 84.53 t/ha, CCS yield 10.97 t/ha and sucrose 18.71% in juice. Reaction
against red rot was moderately resistant through plug method and resistant to
cotton swab method. The clone showed less susceptible in reaction of major
insect-pests. This variety has been released & notified by the CVRC during .
CoLk (Ikshu-10) :
The variety has been developed by ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research,
Lucknow for North West Zone in early group and identified in . The variety
has exhibited cane yield (91.65 t/ha), sucrose (%) in juice (18.11), CCS (11.43
t/ha) & Pol (%) in cane (13.69). Reaction against red rot was moderately
resistant through plug method and resistant through cotton swab method.
CoLk : (Ikshu-14):
The variety has been developed by ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research,
Lucknow for North West Zone in mid-late and identified in . The variety has
exhibited cane yield (89.81 t/ha), sucrose (%) in juice (18.42), CCS (11.64
t/ha) & Pol (%) in cane (14.32). Reaction against red rot was resistant (R)
through plug and cotton swab methods. The clone showed less susceptible (LS) in
reaction of major insect-pests.
Co (Karan-16) :
The has been developed by ICAR-SBI Regional Center, Karnal (Haryana) for North
West Zone in mid-late group and identified in . The variety has exhibited
cane yield (94.97 t/ha), sucrose (%) in juice (17.90), CCS (11.96 t/ha) & Pol
(%) in cane (13.89). Reaction against red rot was moderately resistant (MR)
through plug method and resistant (R) through cotton swab method.