These are my lathe chucks. 14"-4 jaw, 8"- 3 jaw, 10" 3 jaw converted to hold ER40 collets, and ER11 collet holder (which is held in the larger ER40 collet chuck).
90% of the time the ER40 chuck is on the lathe. Nothing beats a collet for rigidity. You can turn parts that are almost double in length without chatter compared to a 3 jaw. Parting has less chatter and is more rigid. The collets will also hold parts that are plus or minus 1mm, so you can use parts that are oversize or undersize without issues. There are only two downsides with the ER system: 1. is that it has a maximum hole through dimension. So for instance, if I want to hold a 1" round stock, it will only go in about 4" into the chuck, versus 5C collets where you can put a whole 6 foot shaft in if you wanted. The other is that the collets are designed to hold the part over the whole length of the collet. So you should have parts that are at least 3/4 the length of the collet. The next most used chuck is the 4 jaw. I use that for holding anything that I have to turn an outside dimension be perfectly concentric with an internal bore, (i.e. rifle barrels, rifle receivers, collars, bushings, etc.) The 3-jaw I will use when turning parts that are larger than 1", and I don't want to have to dead lift that 14" 4-jaw, which weighs 100lbs? (Next big purchase will be an 8" Bison 4Jaw)
You can see in one of the pictures the griping sections where the collet has the greatest gripping forces on the end mill holder.
The other great advantage for using collets, is that I use the same ones on the milling machine.
Finally, on the lathe or milling machine, with the ER11 collet chuck held in the ER40 collet chuck, I can hold tools or parts ranging from 1mm-26mm!!
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Chucks are commonly used workholding devices in lathe machines that use jaws to securely grip workpieces. A three-jaw chuck is self-centering, suitable for round stock, but not adjustable. I…
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