A biaxial geogrid is a geosynthetic compound made out of polypropylene polymers and are primarily used to reinforce and stabilise soils. They are made through a series of procedures including crossway stretching, lengthway stretching and extruding. This production process ensures that all the geogrids have high tension resistance along with a high tensile strength, which therefore increases the overall bearing force that the geogrids are capable of.
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It is important to also understand that there are three different types of geogrids available on the market; uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial. In our case we are focusing on the Biaxial Geogrid which is designed to ensure that the subgrade is strong in two directions, both length and width. This is why these types of geogrids have been used for projects like pavement and road stabilisation for over thirty years.
We only stock the Biaxial geogrids here at EasyMerchant as the others are more specialist for uses such as airport pavements and hardstand areas etc. Biaxial geogrid is the most commonly sold type as it serves a variety of different purposes.
If the soil in the area where you will be adding a dense load (such as slabs, railway sleepers, trucks or lorries) is too soft, the pressure will force the soil to warp. A Geogrid will help to secure the soil through compacting the aggregate which furthermore enhances the bearing capacity of the underlying ground. In short, it strengthens the ground and stops it from disappearing in heavy traffic, preventing rutting etc.
Unlike when the load is introduced to the soil alone, the geogrid forces the heavy loads pressure to be spread over the entire surface area of the grid, due to the subgrade having strength in both directions. Its a similar reason to why, if you were walking on thin ice, you are better off laying down to spread your body weight over a larger surface, its the same principle here.
This essentially means once the Biaxial geogrid is set out and the heavy load is put in place the soil beneath the grid compacts and the subrades strength is further enhanced. This means that it is very cost effective by saving both labour and maintenance expenses.
Works really well for farm tracks etc or country lanes that lorries drive up and down. It helps to stop the ruts caused by the weight on the tyres which otherwise would need regularly refilling.
Geogrids can be installed underneath the surfaces of various construction projects to stop deformation caused by subsidence build up over time. Examples of this may include:
Geogrids are also used behind retaining walls as a reinforcement layer to keep the soil in a fixed position.
If the soil in a specific area has a high moisture content, the site may be experiencing pumping. This is where various soil types mix and weakens the soils core bearing ratio. In other words, wet soggy ground will pit or trench even quicker In this case a non woven geotextile membrane can be used to separate the aggregate from the geogrid. This will filter the soil participles and it helps to separate them from the aggregate layer which helps to further compact the subgrade. Strengthening the ground and helping to remove water.
Before placing any geogrid down you must first prepare the subgrade (the aggregate or base soil beneath). The subgrade must be leveled out with compliance to any standards in order to ensure the whole job can be performed correctly and efficiently, and within any guidelines set out by construction standards specific to your project. It is also advised that heavy duty hand protection is worn when handling Biaxial geogrid as it can be sharp, especially when cut.
The geogrid can firstly be placed parallel to the central line of where your project is taking place or in the crossways direction. If you are needing to use a geotextile membrane for reasons such as your site experiencing pumping, then this should be laid down first, before you place the geogrid.
There must be an overlap between the adjacent rolls. The size of this overlap will depend on the grading and the thickness of the fill and type of subgrade. As standard a minimum overlap tends to be 300mm and and a maximum of 600mm. Commercial projects may vary with contracted agreements. Usually overlaps would just be overlapped with the aggregate being placed over the top to weigh it down, however it can be stapled into place too.
During the fill process it should be placed in small layers and not directly tipped onto the geogrid. Care should be taken when handling the geogrids, to minimise the risk of damage.
There are standards associated with every different project and the compaction must be carried out in accordance with the rules set out.
We stock two types of biaxial geogrid, the 20/20s and 30/30s. The difference between the two is the tensile strength. The 20/20s has a tensile strength of 20KM/m and the 30/30s has a tensile strength of 30KN/m. Each of them have the same grid opening size (the size of the holes in the grid) of 40mm and both come in the same sizes with the same weight.
A biaxial geogrid is a geosynthetic compound made out of polypropylene polymers and are primarily used to reinforce and stabilise soils. They are made through a series of procedures including crossway stretching, lengthway stretching and extruding. This production process ensures that all the geogrids have high tension resistance along with a high tensile strength, which therefore increases the overall bearing force that the geogrids are capable of.
Key Takeaways
Geogrids are used to reinforce and stabilise the subgrade underneath your aggregates
Comes in uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial but the most used is biaxial due to the tensile strength and a variety of uses.
Helps to compact the aggregate and spread the weight of the load across a larger surface area
Can be used with a geotextile to separate the aggregate from the geotextile where you have a high moisture content to help prevent soil types mixing and causing the soils core bearing ratio to reduce.
It is important to also understand that there are three different types of geogrids available on the market; uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial. In our case we are focusing on the Biaxial Geogrid which is designed to ensure that the subgrade is strong in two directions, both length and width. This is why these types of geogrids have been used for projects like pavement and road stabilisation for over thirty years.
We only stock the Biaxial geogrids here at EasyMerchant as the others are more specialist for uses such as airport pavements and hardstand areas etc. Biaxial geogrid is the most commonly sold type as it serves a variety of different purposes.
How does the Biaxial Geogrid work?
If the soil in the area where you will be adding a dense load (such as slabs, railway sleepers, trucks or lorries) is too soft, the pressure will force the soil to warp. A Geogrid will help to secure the soil through compacting the aggregate which furthermore enhances the bearing capacity of the underlying ground. In short, it strengthens the ground and stops it from disappearing in heavy traffic, preventing rutting etc.
Unlike when the load is introduced to the soil alone, the geogrid forces the heavy loads pressure to be spread over the entire surface area of the grid, due to the subgrade having strength in both directions. Its a similar reason to why, if you were walking on thin ice, you are better off laying down to spread your body weight over a larger surface, its the same principle here.
This essentially means once the Biaxial geogrid is set out and the heavy load is put in place the soil beneath the grid compacts and the subrades strength is further enhanced. This means that it is very cost effective by saving both labour and maintenance expenses.
Works really well for farm tracks etc or country lanes that lorries drive up and down. It helps to stop the ruts caused by the weight on the tyres which otherwise would need regularly refilling.
Different uses for Biaxial Geogrids?
Geogrids can be installed underneath the surfaces of various construction projects to stop deformation caused by subsidence build up over time. Examples of this may include:
Railroads
Airport runways
Car parks
Construction haulage roads
Patios
Driveways
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Embankments
Farm tracks
Country lanes
Geogrids are also used behind retaining walls as a reinforcement layer to keep the soil in a fixed position.
Can I use a Geogrid alongside Geotextiles
If the soil in a specific area has a high moisture content, the site may be experiencing pumping. This is where various soil types mix and weakens the soils core bearing ratio. In other words, wet soggy ground will pit or trench even quicker In this case a non woven geotextile membrane can be used to separate the aggregate from the geogrid. This will filter the soil participles and it helps to separate them from the aggregate layer which helps to further compact the subgrade. Strengthening the ground and helping to remove water.
How to lay Biaxial Geogrid?
Before placing any geogrid down you must first prepare the subgrade (the aggregate or base soil beneath). The subgrade must be leveled out with compliance to any standards in order to ensure the whole job can be performed correctly and efficiently, and within any guidelines set out by construction standards specific to your project. It is also advised that heavy duty hand protection is worn when handling Biaxial geogrid as it can be sharp, especially when cut.
The geogrid can firstly be placed parallel to the central line of where your project is taking place or in the crossways direction. If you are needing to use a geotextile membrane for reasons such as your site experiencing pumping, then this should be laid down first, before you place the geogrid.
There must be an overlap between the adjacent rolls. The size of this overlap will depend on the grading and the thickness of the fill and type of subgrade. As standard a minimum overlap tends to be 300mm and and a maximum of 600mm. Commercial projects may vary with contracted agreements. Usually overlaps would just be overlapped with the aggregate being placed over the top to weigh it down, however it can be stapled into place too.
During the fill process it should be placed in small layers and not directly tipped onto the geogrid. Care should be taken when handling the geogrids, to minimise the risk of damage.
There are standards associated with every different project and the compaction must be carried out in accordance with the rules set out.
We stock two types of biaxial geogrid, the 20/20s and 30/30s. The difference between the two is the tensile strength. The 20/20s has a tensile strength of 20KM/m and the 30/30s has a tensile strength of 30KN/m. Each of them have the same grid opening size (the size of the holes in the grid) of 40mm and both come in the same sizes with the same weight.
The following provides guidance for installation a retaining wall when using blocks from Allen Block.
If your project involves stabilizing slopes or earth retention you will need to use geogrid. Geogrid is a synthetic, flexible mesh that is specifically made for these purposes. Geogrid comes in an array of materials, strengths, and sizes. They are made of plastic that is woven polyester or high tensile strength that is provided in rolls. It is available in both uniaxial and biaxial form. Biaxial geogrid is most commonly used in projects where the retaining wall is under 10 feet. This type of geogrid can be rolled both in the direction of the wall or away from the wall and will still remain strength where uniaxial can only be rolled out in one direction for it's reinforcement properties to stay intact.
First, you should use the Soil Reinforcement Chart in order to determine the size of AB grid you will need and how many layers will be required for your retaining wall.
How Does Geogrid Work?
You will want to perform a few tests, to begin with. Take two cylinders, one that has compacted material and the second that has compacted material along with mesh that represents geogrid. Take both cylinders and apply vertical force to see how the soil reacts.
AB Aztec Or AB Europa Walls:
Once you have completed the foundation, start installing the first layer of Reinforcement Grid. Using either AB Aztec or AB Europa, place the edge of the geogrid up against the back of the raised front edge and roll it out along the wall. Place the edge of the geogrid in the middle of the facing unit for AB Fieldstone. You should always refer to your plans to know the exact location and size.
The next step, place the block in order for the seams to counterbalance from the blocks by at least 1/4 in length Observe the line of the retaining wall for alignment. You may adjust the blocks somewhat to form a straight line.
Take the back of the geogrid and pull on it in order to remove any slack and if required, stake it into place. Never compact or drive on the geogrid or you will damage it.
Compacting & Backfilling:
Install the wall rock in the block cores, 12 inches (300mm) behind the block. Use the approved on-site soils or infill to backfill behind the wall rock to the exact height of the block. Make sure the wall rock and soil, behind the wall, is properly compacted by using a plate compactor.
Compact in lifts of 8 inches (200mm) or less. Start on the blocks and work in the direction that is parallel to the block heading toward the back of the excavation area. Go over this with at least 2 passes with the plate compactor. The compaction should provide soil that is solid and free of any movement. Remove all excess material from the top surfaces of the blocks and ensure all surfaces are clean and smooth for the next step.
At this point, continue installing your next level of blocks using the same steps as just mentioned. Using your plan, install the geogrid on every procedure of the retaining wall. Going through all the steps, complete the wall to the desired height. The last step, fill behind the blocks with an organic soil in place or the approved on-site soil. This will prevent water from running behind the blocks and help in plantings above the retaining wall.
AB Fieldstone Walls:
First off, refer to the approved plans for placing geogrid. Cut sections of the geogrid to the specified lengths as mentioned in the approved plans. Always check the manufacturer's grid specs for strength, roll or machine direction.
After the foundation of blocks has been installed, roll out the geogrid starting in the center of the AB Fieldstone facing and then extend back to the excavated area. Stack the next set of blocks (facing/anchoring unit) in order for the blocks to be offset from the foundation blocks. Each of the procedures should be placed with the vertical seams offset by at least 3 inches (75mm) or ¼ the length of the blocks. Take the geogrid and pull to remove any slack and then stake in place before installation of the wall rock and the approved infill soil. Never run the compaction equipment on to the geogrid.
Patterned Walls:
If you'd like to give a unique look to your landscape, try applying a patterned wall. You can blend the different sizes of blocks together into the wall and create a hand-laid stone look. Choose from an array of pre-set patterns to create your wall or design your own. If you have walls that need reinforcement or are curved, you will have to construct with a two procedure pattern.
Creating A Patterned Retaining Wall:
In order to create a wall that looks like a hand-laid wall requires a good amount of craftsmanship and detail. This will require a certain amount of custom fitting of the blocks. You should allow for extra time to create this wall especially if you are doing this for the first time.
You can use either the AB Europa or the AB Collection to create a pattern that is pre-set or irregular. A preset pattern is repeated every 2 or 3 sets of blocks. See the Pattern Chart for further details.
A single procedure of one full-sized block should be around 8 inches (200mm) high. A level surface is required on the reinforced wall for an irregular pattern in order to properly install the geogrid. Always refer to your approved plan before the placement of geogrid.
Walls with curves should always use the 2 procedure pattern to cut back on fitting and cutting. This also applies to wall requiring geogrid in order to ensure proper placement of the geogrid.
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