Tooling is typically installed on a gang plate or a turret for production lathes.
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Gang tooling
The simplest solution is pure gang tooling. On the cross slide of the lathe, the tools are arranged in a row in this way. To access a tool, move away from the workpiece along the spindle axis to prevent the tools from striking the workpiece, slide the X axis until the right tool is in place, and then move away from the workpiece along the Z axis to begin cutting.
The most straightforward solution for a CNC lathe is pure gang tooling. The cross-slide of the lathe has the tools arranged in a row. An end user follows these procedures to swap out a tool:
• Uses a Z-axis motion to pull the current tool away from the workpiece.
• Inserts X-axis slides until the new tool is in place.
•Starts cutting while moving along the Z-axis.
Tool turret
Additionally, larger CNC lathes and multipurpose devices frequently have turrets. Due to the lack of clearance needed under the part, turrets are recommended for major operations. Large-diameter pieces have more area since the turret can approach the part from behind.
A tool turret requires more effort than simple gang tooling. To place a new cutting tool, a turret that holds a variety of tools rotates. To replace tools, you must:
• Removing the present tool from the workpiece, often using a Z-axis motion or an X-Z motion combined.
• Rotating the turret to position the proper tool.
• Moving the tool forward once more in a Z or XZ motion to start cutting.
Depending on the kind of items being machined, a CNC lathe should use gang tooling or a turret:
• Gang tooling is particularly difficult to beat for short, thin pieces without a need for a tailstock.
• Turrets offer greater versatility. For long, slender sections that require a tailstock for support, they are a necessity.
Many machinists use turret machines for items that are too long and thin to be manufactured on gang lathes, despite the fact that they would want to be able to utilize gang lathes for everything.
We'll get to a lengthy list of benefits and drawbacks for each in a moment, but as promised, let's start with the broad conclusion.
What kind of parts you'll be producing ultimately determines whether you use gang tooling or turrets on a CNC lathe. For shorter items with a lower diameter and no need for a tailstock, gang tooling is very difficult to surpass. When you need a tailstock for your part, a turret lathe is unbeatable for adaptability and a necessity.
I frequently came across machinists using turret lathes for pieces that were too long and thin to be created with a gang lathe when reading through the several publications I read about the subject.
A Swiss machine can turn items that would be too long and spindly to do with a Gang Lathe, but at the expense of greater expense, complexity, and the requirement of barstock that is more expensive since it must be compatible with the Swiss bushing configuration.
Gang Tooling Advantage #1: Speed
The gang tool change is super fast because it uses slide motion to do toolchanges and requires no turret indexing.
Gang Tooling Advantage #2: Simplicity and Low Cost
All of the work for a toolchange is done by the lathe's standard axis servos and leadscrews. As a result, gang lathes can frequently be far less expensive than turret lathes.
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Due to the challenges of delivering rotating power to the tool positions on a rotary turret, motorizing a turret raises the cost in numerous ways.
Gang Tooling Advantage #3: Fast Setup
With a modest set of tools and, for instance, by simply switching out one block that houses a specific size twist drill, a great deal of gang work can be accomplished.
Gang Tooling Advantage #4: Accuracy
The moving parts of a turret's moving parts are made simpler and have fewer moving parts, which avoids tolerance stack up and different types of slop (backlash).
The gang lathe also has an accuracy advantage because it is accustomed to moving a part across shorter distances.
Gang Tooling Advantage #5: Robustness
This one has a direct connection to simplicity. A gang lathe is not prone to many errors.
Turret Lathe Advantage #1: Flexibility
Flexibility is a Turret's top benefit. With one, you can use a tailstock, allowing you to make pieces that are considerably longer and more slender than you could with a gang lathe.
Turret Lathe Advantage #2: Easier Programming
Since the tools are on either side of the workpiece, gang members must contend with the idea of both positive and negative. Users of turrets only have to deal with one sign, and they typically choose the positive option since it is easier to understand.
Turret Lathe Advantage #3: More Tools
Having two turrets, or even just putting gang holders in a few turret stations, means more tools for the turret lathe.
Turret Lathe Advantage #4: More Operations, Axes, and Parts Complexity
This one relates to the Turrets' flexibility benefit, although they appear to work best with more complicated machines that are equipped with dual spindles, multiple axes, and other characteristics to handle components that would otherwise require numerous setups.
Turret Lathe Advantage #5: Better Hogging?
Turrets are more common on larger lathes, which alone can lead to better hogging.
Turret CNC lathe is a very important part of CNC lathe, at present, domestic CNC turret is mainly electric, divided into vertical and horizontal, with four stations, eight stations, ten stations and twelve stations, etc., which can rotate in forward and reverse directions and select knives nearby, and is used in various CNC lathes.
It is a power turret for turning and milling machining, belongs to the turret for CNC turning and milling machine tools, includes a box, there is a motor installed in the box, the motor includes a motor stator and a motor rotor, the motor stator is fixedly mounted on the box, there is a hollow spline shaft fixedly connected in the middle of the motor rotor, one end of the hollow spline shaft is connected with a clutch, the clutch includes a clutch movable tooth and a clutch fixed tooth, the clutch The movable teeth are connected to the hollow spline shaft, the movable teeth of the clutch can move along the axial direction of the hollow spline shaft, the fixed teeth of the clutch are connected to a first drive shaft which passes through the hollow spline shaft, and the other end of the first drive shaft is connected to a first spiral bevel gear.
The CNC lathe machine tool turret or turret head are other names for the tool turret. The tooling is installed on one of the parts of a CNC turning center. The complete tool turret disc of a turret head is where the tools are all mounted. A tool turret with motion capabilities is known as a servo turret. Turrets are turned or moved by the AC, sometimes DC, servo motor, or a compatible AC servo driver.
Typically, a hydraulic or pneumatic power system is used to clamp and unclamp the servo turret heads. A tool turret typically only has one axis of motion, however certain CNC turning centers have multi-axis turret heads that can be moved by the CNC machine's motors.
The turret's flexibility is its primary benefit. A servo turret can hold more tool stations because of its higher power output. There are four to eight tool stations on a turret head in a typical machining operation, but up to twelve or even more tool stations can be found on a servo turret during a larger-scale CNC machining operation.
There are pieces of tool holders on the turret disc at the tool stations of the turret head. The turret head can handle items with a wider diameter. More cutting tools can be fitted onto a turret head since some tool stations on a turret disc support multiple tool holders. The CNC machine can allow more machining operations on more axes with the tooling turret. The turrets have consequently steadily evolved into a requirement on larger CNC turning centers and other kinds of multifunction machines.
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